September 11, 2001 and the Global War on Terror Essay - 1

September 11, 2001 and the Global War on Terror - Essay Example Further, the products of war are significant for the organizations which benefit from it at the expense of human lives which are squandered as a result of it. The proof for this comes looking like reports, the government’s official proclamations and the chronicled record of the time which shows that Americans had been given an alternate story from what the ground real factors really were. It surely makes an individual miracle that despite the fact that the administration reveals to us that we are winning the war on fear and that all is well with the present reality, it may not be so in actuality. What we know to be genuine may not really be the realities of the issue and we could at present be driven off track by what the administration and the media would have us accept. For instance, even from the recorded information that we have, we have consistently been informed that America represents majority rule government and that it represents the opportunity surprisingly. In any case, with regards to government and worldwide control using military force, the sheer number of American armed force bases far and wide paints a totally extrao rdinary picture. America doesn't seem to communicate similar standards in deed which it underpins looking like words. All in all, it turns out to be anything but difficult to state that the American government may not be progressing in the direction of the enthusiasm of the American individuals however in truth could be moving in the direction of keeping up the enthusiasm of the American companies which bolster the administration. Further, political goals and political inspirations appear to be undeniably increasingly significant for the individuals who rule our nation instead of any ideological conviction for supporting vote based system and maintaining what is correct. Nonetheless, this may not really be a terrible thing since the legislature and their activities from the past have just given us that they are sober minded enough to understand that words which sound pleasant are just useful for discourses. Activities which are outfitted towards making sure about

Parthenons In Athens Rome free essay sample

Looks at old landmarks narratives, social, design political criticalness, styles, space and highlights. The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome are two of the best enduring landmarks of antiquated human advancements. Despite the fact that they originated from altogether different societies, the two structures share an incredible arrangement practically speaking. The two landmarks were images of the political objectives of the rulers who manufactured them. Each building is likewise viewed as a definitive accomplishment of a period in compositional history. In any case, the two landmarks additionally exhibit contrasts among Greek and Roman thoughts regarding design and the state. The two landmarks have comparable ongoing narratives. Both are so all around protected in light of the fact that they were adjusted by later societies. The Parthenon was the main sanctuary to be utilized by four distinct religions (antiquated Greek, Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Islam). The endurance of the Pantheon was because of its utilization by the..

How to Design Effective Advertising

How to Design Effective Advertising For any type of business, advertising is one of the most crucial investments a brand can make. But for small businesses, its an investment that often goes overlooked. Beyond communicating that your business exists, advertising can have a profound effect on how the public views your business. Advertising makes up a large facet of your brands public image, and an effective campaign can help you to grow as a brand by allowing you to have a degree of control over how your audience perceives you.In my freelance and agency experience, Ive worked on advertising for small businesses, large companies and everything in-between. Ive found that there are a few solid guidelines to making effective advertising regardless of the budget or industry. Taking time to make sure your advertising follows these steps will help you to make better ads which communicate a message to your audience in a meaningful, memorable way.Be intentionalAdvertising should be treated like an investment for your business, b ut in order to track your return on that investment, you need to first set measurable goals for what you want your ads to achieve. Goals can as broad or as specific as youd likeâ€"for example, maybe you want to increase overall sales by 15% or you want to increase your web traffic to a particular product. Regardless of your goal, having an idea of what exactly it is you want to achieve will help you to make ads that are focused on achieving that goal. The best part about setting goals is youll be able to see how close you came to meeting your goal, and youll know if you need to try a different approach for the next ads you run.Lets say you own a small bike shop, and you want to sell more bikes. In order to do that, youd like to broaden your audience and communicate that you sell all different types of bikes for every type of rider. So, when crafting the message of your ad, youd want to focus on the fact that you sell bikes to suit anyones needs and provide a simple incentive for som eone to visit your shop or website. Taking a few extra steps to make sure your ads are truly aimed at achieving your goals will be much more effective in the long run than taking guesses to see what sticks.Keep it simpleA common mistake when it comes to advertising is trying to cram too much information into a single ad. While you may have a lot to say about your brand, consumers are already being inundated by advertising everywhere they look. Whether your ads are in a newspaper, on a billboard, or online, youll likely only have a few seconds to communicate your message to viewers before they move on to the next visual in their environment. So, keeping your message simple and to the point is crucial if you want to make a solid connection with a viewer.This is true for the visuals of your ad, too. While you may be tempted to fill up the ads with as many photos and graphics as you can to take advantage of your ad space, this can create ads that are overwhelming to look at. The environ ment that your viewers will be seeing your ad is probably already crowded with visual information, so a simple ad will stand out better from all the noise. Limit the number of colors and fonts you use, as well keep your ad cohesive and easy to read no matter how it appearsâ€"whether on black and white newsprint or on screen.For our bike shop ad content, lets start with the copyâ€"keep text minimal and communicate your message as succinctly as possible. Pick imagery that feels original and engaging. I strongly suggest avoiding most clip art or generic-looking stock photos, as these are overused and probably wont do much to help you to communicate your message. Sites like Noun Project and Pexels are great resources to find free or inexpensive imagery if you dont have any of your own.If youre not sure what you want your ad to look like, dont be afraid to look for inspirationâ€"a quick Google search can be a great place to start. Looking at your competitions advertising can also be usef ul in deciding how your business can differentiate itself through its ads. Think about the context your ad will be seen in and how you can make your ad stand out. Keep the layout flexible enough that if the content needs to be reformatted for a different size or medium, itll be easy and quick to do so.Heres a list of content we might gather for our sample bike shop. Notice that the copy is limited to a few lines and gets the point across quickly. The entire ad, from the copy to the imagery, should be focused on the same message.Create hierarchyOne of the simplest things you can do to make your ad effective is to create a clear sense of hierarchy. Not only does this help create a solid focal point, but it will draw the eyes of your viewers through the whole ad and help them to process the presented information faster. Hierarchy is another reason why its important to limit the amount of content you put in an adâ€"without a clear structure, viewers might have trouble processing what it is youre trying to say, meaning they probably wont remember the message or take any sort of action.There are many different ways to create structure, but lets use our bike shop ad as an example. Here, the heading and background imagery are the most prominent parts of the ad, as these will grab your viewers attention and direct them to the supporting information below. Well make sure that the heading is significantly larger than the supporting text and that everything feels balanced and easy to read. Putting contact information at the bottom of the ad will help anchor your message so that a viewer can easily take action if they decide theyre interested.A sample ad for our bike shop, with each element sized to create clear hierarchy.Call the viewer to actionCommunicating a message is important, but its hard to tell how effective your message is if a viewer has no way to take the next step and interact with your brand. Beyond just listing contact info, provide a simple, specific actio n viewers can take that requires little effort or investment on their partâ€"whether thats visiting a website to learn more, calling for a free quote, or signing up for a mailing list. Providing an incentive for a viewer can also be effective, like offering coupons, free shipping, or a free service for first-time buyers.Its a good idea to keep CTAs (Call To Action) and incentives as simple and easy as possibleâ€"the more barriers to interaction users face, the less like it is that theyll participate. For digital ads, a simple click to a landing page is the easiest way to engage a user. Emphasize that the user can click by placing the CTA in a button or using an arrow. For print ads, coupons can work in the same way to draw viewers to the ad.Be consistentThe number one mistake I see with small business advertising is a lack of consistency across advertising. Ive worked with business owners who will show me their recent advertising, and the style and tone of each ad make it look like it belongs to a different company. This can create a disjointed view of your business as a whole and makes for a lack of visibility with your audience. Keeping your fonts, colors, imagery, and tone of voice as consistent as possible will help you to develop a stronger visual brand that your audience will begin to recognize and become familiar with. Not to mention, itll also make your life easier because you wont have to start from scratch every time you need to create a new ad.If youre running several ads across medium at the same time, taking a campaign approach can help you to reinforce your image to the public even more. Once you have a message and a design developed, use those same elements across all your concurrent ads, regardless of if theyre print, digital, or out-of-home. This approach has elicited the same response from a lot of the businesses I work withâ€"But wont a viewer get bored of seeing the same ads? While thats a valid concern, consistent messaging and visuals hel p viewers to form a stronger impression of your brand each time they see the advertising, especially across different mediums. Your business and message will become more memorable to viewers, making them more likely to interact with your brand over time.Think about the most memorable ad campaigns youve seen over the yearsâ€"giant companies like Geico, Coca-Cola, and McDonalds create consistent, effective campaigns by taking the same content and showing it across TV spots, billboards, direct mail, and more. The same can be done on a smaller, more local scale for a small business. In the case of our bike shopâ€"as a small business owner, you may not have the budget to run an extensive campaign, but even being consistent across a few ads will help to reinforce your message.Be accurateThis last point is a bit obvious, but its an easy one to forgetâ€"make sure your advertising is free of errors and typos before sending it off into the world. Any accidental misinformation or confusing sta tements you present to a viewer can quickly undermine your credibility and quality. Triple check everything, from the copy to the contact info, making sure it is clearly worded and spelled correctly. Have multiple people check over the ad as wellâ€"fresh eyes may spot something you missed. Make sure you have the correct ad specifications as well, so that your ad is sized correctly, contains the correct bleed, and is submitted in the correct file format and resolution. Doing this will ensure that your ad runs on time and looks the way you intended it to.While advertising can seem daunting, keeping these basic principles in mind can make it a little easier for you to create effective ads and take advantage of the ad space you spend money on. Advertising is a valuable opportunity for you to make an impression on potential customers and communicate why you deserve their attention. Its ultimately an extension of your brand, and it should reflect the tone of voice and persona of what it i s you sell or do. Dont be afraid to take risks and try something unconventional, as long as it makes sense for your brand. Put yourself in your audiences shoes and think about what would catch their eye or make them stop and engage with your ad.

Social Psychology Psy 400 - 757 Words

Social Psychology Dawn S. Peck PSY 400 12/22/2014 David Brueshoff Social Psychology What is Social Psychology all about? Why is the study of it so important? Is there truly a purpose and benefit from the findings of the studies? Let’s look at each of these questions, break them down, and try to make sense of it all. Simply defined, Social Psychology is the scientific study of individual attitude and how it effects or influences others in a social context. It is helpful to understand the why, what, or could be, behind a behavior or reaction. Those that research this field, can provide credible insight to assist with understanding and ultimately contribute to the success of peace-keeping within society. There†¦show more content†¦Clinical Psychology works with individuals and not the interaction while in a group setting. General Psychology is a broad term that includes all psychology. Sociology focuses on the group and external causes for reactions. It is worth noting that all branches work by observing and interpreting behavior. Conclusion There were three questions asked at the start of this paper. What is Social Psychology all about? Why is the study of it so important? Is there truly a purpose or benefit from the findings of the studies? Social Psychology is the study of attitude, behavior, and interactions of individuals within a group setting. You may have heard the saying for every action, there is a reaction, Social Psychologists observe and interpret behaviors in effort to provide further explanation of cause and effect. It is thru the studies of Social Psychology we can learn how to get into the cause and begin to foresee patterns of reactions. A simple yet sophisticated theory. References Myers, D. G. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed.). 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Sony Ericsson Sustainabiliy Report 2011 Free Essays

2011 Sustainability Report Contents About Sony Ericsson About the report Financial results 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 19 20 21 Corporate A word from our President and Chief Executive Officer Governance People Vision in sustainability GreenHeartâ„ ¢ Contents The Life cycle approach Life cycle analysis Carbon footprint Recycling Substance control Supply chain Factory Health Community engagement 2011 Sustainability Report | Contents About Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson is a 50:50 joint venture between Sony Corporation (â€Å"Sony†) and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (â€Å"Ericsson†). In October 2011 it was announced by Sony and Ericsson that Sony will acquire Ericsson’s stake in the company and that Sony Ericsson will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. The transaction is expected to close in February, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals, and Sony Ericsson will be renamed Sony Mobile Communications. We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Ericsson Sustainabiliy Report 2011 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years Sony Ericsson has brought together the best communication technologies with superior entertainment user experiences to create its Xperiaâ„ ¢ line of the ‘most entertaining smartphones’ in the mobile handset industry. Building on the momentum of the previous year, Sony Ericsson continued to drive forward its smartphone strategy in 2011, shifting the business from feature phones to smartphones. The AndroidTM based smartphone XperiaTM portfolio remained at the heart of this strategy and will continue to serve as a cornerstone of the smartphone line-up as the company integrates fully with Sony. 2011 Sustainability Report | About Sony Ericsson 1 About Sony Ericsson About the report Sustainability is a central part of everything we do at Sony Ericsson, both internally and externally, from the development of our handsets to the recycling initiatives in our offices. With this is in mind we strive to be a leader in the industry working across the three main areas of sustainability – economic, environmental and social. We take a life cycle approach to each, addressing all aspects of a phone’s life cycle; from the design and supply to production, use and end of life. The Sony Ericsson Sustainability Report 2011 addresses these areas and presents them along with our life cycle approach. We have created the following life cycle graphic to showcase this approach in a simple and easy to understand way: Design Production Supply Unless otherwise stated, all information and data contained in this report pertains to activities undertaken from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. The report examines aspects of Sony Ericsson’s activities all around the world, including our manufacturing facility, Beijing SE Potevio Mobile Communications Co. , Ltd. (BMC). The financial figures referred to in the report cover the period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Sony Ericsson would like to thank all the people who have contributed to this report. Information on our ongoing sustainability work can be found at www. sonyericsson. com/sustainability If you have any comments or suggestions on this report, we are happy to receive your feedback at sustainability@sonyericsson. com We welcome open dialogue with all stakeholders on our GreenHeartâ„ ¢ blog at http://blogs. sonyericsson. com/greenheart About the report Life Cycle Approach Use End of Life Forward-looking statements This report includes forward-looking statements, including statements reflecting management’s current views relating to the growth of the market, future market conditions, future events and expected operational and financial performance. The words â€Å"believe†, â€Å"expect†, â€Å"foresee†, â€Å"anticipate†, â€Å"assume†, â€Å"intend†, â€Å"may†, â€Å"could†, â€Å"plan†, â€Å"estimate†, â€Å"will†, â€Å"should†, â€Å"could†, â€Å"aim†, â€Å"target†, â€Å"might† or, in each case, their negative, and similar words are intended to help identify forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements may be found throughout this document. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these and other forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that these expectations will materialise. Because forward-looking statements are based on assumptions, judgments and estimates, and are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results could differ materially from those described or implied herein. Important factors that could affect whether and to what extent any of our forward-looking statements materialise include various factors that may be out of our control. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or potential inaccuracies included in this report, whether as a result of new information or future events. 2 2011 Sustainability Report | About the report Financial results 2011 was a year of transition for Sony Ericsson. The company saw fluctuations in its financial results, with Q2 earnings impacted by the Japan earthquake and Q4 earnings affected by intense competition and the challenging global macro-economic situation. For the fiscal year January 1, 2011 to December 1, 2011 total consolidated net sales during the period reached EUR 5,212 million. Income before taxes amounted to EUR -243 million, of which net restructuring costs were EUR 93 million, and net income after taxes was EUR -247 million. The number of units sold (excluding accessories) over the period was 34. 4 million units. In an effort to further increase efficiencies, a restructuring programme was launched in December. The restru cturing costs for this programme are EUR 93 million. The quarterly breakdown of Sony Ericsson’s key figures is as follows: (Units sold in thousands, values in million Euros). Financial Results for 2011 1Q 2011 2Q 2011 3Q 2011 4Q 2011 Units sold (million units) Net sales (EUR million) NIBT (EUR million) Net income (EUR million) 8,142 1,145 15 11 7,644 1,193 -42 -50 9,549 1,586 31 0 9,036 1,288 -247 -207 Smartphones generated nearly 75% of the total sales in 2011, compared to nearly 50% in 2010. To date, Sony Ericsson has shipped a total of 28 million Xperiaâ„ ¢ smartphones since initial launch of its Androidâ„ ¢ based Xperiaâ„ ¢ range in 2010. 2011 Sustainability Report | Financial results 3 Financial results A word from our President and Chief Executive Officer President and Chief Executive Officer 2011 was an eventful year for Sony Ericsson. We truly transitioned out of the feature phone business to become a smartphone company. Throughout the year we launched a range of exciting and innovative Android smartphones, including the pioneering gaming device Xperiaâ„ ¢ PLAY, the world’s first Playstation Certified smartphone. We also brought our GreenHeartâ„ ¢ credentials even further across our portfolio, striving to offer eco-friendlier Xperiaâ„ ¢ smartphones, chargers and accessories to our consumers, and we received the 2011 EISA Green Smartphone award for our Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini. However in March, we received the shocking news of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan. As a company with a Japanese heritage and major operations in the country, this tragedy affected us all personally and professionally, impacting our employees and supply chain. During these tragic events, I was personally moved by the courage, commitment and teamwork demonstrated by our staff in Japan and the Japanese people as a whole. Since then, we have been focused on learning from and adapting to the consequences of a natural disaster, ensuring that we actively manage risk should we experience similar events in the future. In October, Sony announced its intent to acquire Ericsson’s share in Sony Ericsson, making the mobile handset business a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. This integration provides us and our consumers with great opportunities as we become part of Sony’s broad platform of network-connected consumer electronics products, content and services. Sony Ericsson’s name will change and we will be known as Sony Mobile Communications. Throughout 2012 we will continue our shift to smartphones as we become part of Sony. Smartphones are a fundamental component of the Sony convergence strategy and the vision of an integrated user experience for all Sony consumers. The integration will also enable us to join forces and utilise Sony’s and our own strengths to create new initiatives in the area of sustainability. Together we will work hard to ensure that sustainability is a thread that runs all the way through our business via the life cycle approach, from the activities in our supply chain to our recycling initiatives. Thank you for your interest in our 2011 Sustainability Report and please continue to give us your feedback via our GreenHeart blog: http://blogs. onyericsson. com/greenheart Bert Nordberg President and Chief Executive Officer Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications 4 2011 Sustainability Report | A word from our President and Chief Executive Officer Governance In October 2011, Sony announced its intent to acquire Ericsson’s 50 percent share in Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, making the mobile handset business a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. The transaction is expected to close in February, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals, and Sony Ericsson will be renamed Sony Mobile Communications. At Board level Sir Howard Stringer, Chairman, CEO and President of Sony Corporation, remained Chairman of the Board of Sony Ericsson. Hans Vestberg, President and CEO of Ericsson, remained Deputy Chairman of the Board of Sony Ericsson. Bert Nordberg remained President and CEO of Sony Ericsson and in July 2011, Yoshihisa (Bob) Ishida was appointed as Deputy CEO and Executive Vice President. Along with some of its global corporate functions in London, Sony Ericsson has sales and marketing operations in major regions of the world. Its product development and RD activities sites are based in: †¢ Beijing, China †¢ Lund, Sweden †¢ Silicon Valley, United States †¢ Tokyo, Japan Sony Ericsson’s financial risk management is governed by a policy approved by the Sony Ericsson Board. The management of the risks is executed by a centralised treasury function and its principal role is to ensure appropriate financing, manage the liquidity, to secure effective cash-management and to manage the accounts receivable, as well as managing and controlling financial risk exposures in a manner consistent with underlying business risk and financial policy. How our organisation is structured President CEO Corporate Functions Deputy CEO EVP EVP, Sales Marketing Technology Product Quality Validation Operations Sales Marketing 2011 Sustainability Report | Governance 5 Governance Financial risk management People Sony Ericsson prides itself on the range of talented people who work for us and make us who we are as a company. Without our employees we would not remain an innovator in the industry so we would like to say a big thank you to all the people who work to bring our products to life and to the market. While 2011 was a year of change for our employees, with the announcement that Sony will acquire Ericsson’s stake in the company, it was also the beginning of a new start as we embark on a new journey within the Sony family. Total Headcount in 2011 5% 30% 38% 2011 Total 8056 China Germany Japan Other Sweden USA 14% 11% 2% Code of conduct and governance Sony Ericsson has a Corporate Social Responsibility Code in place to make sure that the human rights of all our employees are complied with and respected throughout the company. In addition, we have an HR governance structure in place to ensure that all local and international laws with respect to employee and human rights are adhered to. Both the Corporate Social Responsibility Code and HR governance structure are run in close association along with employee representatives around the world. In addition, our HR team works directly with the global management team to bring to life these initiatives and ensure that Sony Ericsson is a preferred employer in the locations in which we operate. People 30% 2011 Gender Female Male 70% 5% 1% 16% 25% 2011 Age group 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ Global diversity We are a global organisation with our employees coming from over 70 countries across the world, so diversity in all its forms is embedded into everything we do. As such we appreciate and aim to nurture all the benefits that working in a global organisation can bring and we are committed to improving cultural and gender diversity within the business. 53% 4% Talent and performance management Talent management is extremely important to us in ensuring that we identify the right people for the right positions in our company and also hold onto our best and brightest employees. Our Talent Management Programme is specifically designed to help us do this and so far we have seen great success here. This programme works hand in hand with other initiatives such as our global leadership programme for particular leadership talents. All of our employees are also reviewed and appraised through a yearly performance management process and in 2011 we once again conducted our global employee engagement survey. 40% 2011 Nationality American 29% Chinese German Japanese Other 11% 14% 2% Swedish 6 2011 Sustainability Report | People Vision in sustainability Our vision: †¢ The resources consumed to make and use our products should not limit future generations to fulfil their goals and dreams †¢ Every Sony Ericsson product should be safe and not pose any threat to the environment throughout its full life cycle †¢ Our products should be produced in fair and sustainable working conditions The overall Sony Ericsson sustainability vision is that the value of our products and the experiences from them should outweigh the resources that they consume. We have a responsibility to our customers and end-users to consider and take into account the whole life cycle impact of our products. Our mission is that the production of our products, and indeed the products themselves, should have a minimal ecological footprint. This vision includes a better life for this generation and next generations to come, striving to become even better by reducing any environmental impact and lowering our use of resources. 2011 Sustainability Report | Vision in sustainability 7 Vision in sustainability Design Production Supply GreenHeart Energy Use End of Life GreenHeartâ„ ¢ For us it is not about making one green phone, it is about making all phones green. One of our key challenges is to raise the environmental awareness when people buy and use mobile phones. With this in mind GreenHeartâ„ ¢ was created as a way of providing a comprehensive approach to building and communicating a more sustainable business. GreenHeartâ„ ¢ is all about giving consumers a greener choice. We are committed to lowering the overall environmental impact of our products by implementing green initiatives across the portfolio without compromising on features, functionality or design. From the very beginning, with the launch of the Sony Ericsson C901â„ ¢ GreenHeartâ„ ¢ in 2009, the intention was to make every Sony Ericsson phone and accessory a GreenHeartâ„ ¢ product. For us GreenHeartâ„ ¢ is not a competition to produce the ‘greenest’ products, it is an initiative to improve our entire portfolio and make a positive impact on the environment. We want to ensure that every Sony Ericsson phone and accessory includes GreenHeartâ„ ¢ credentials and, step-by-step we are working towards this goal. Design Production Supply GreenHeartâ„ ¢ In 2011 we implemented GreenHeartâ„ ¢ to our core analysis portfolio. With Xperiaâ„ ¢ neo, Xperiaâ„ ¢ neo V, Xperiaâ„ ¢ pro, Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini and Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini pro we offer more Use End of Life eco-friendly smartphones on the Androidâ„ ¢ platform. The back covers of the 2011 Xperiaâ„ ¢ Greenheartâ„ ¢ smartphones contain 50% – 70% recycled plastics, which Design Production helps to conserve scarce natural resources and reduce Supply the use of oil based virgin plastics. We have worked hard to use waterborne paints in as many GreenHeartâ„ ¢ Carbon footprint products as possible, which significantly lower emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) compared to Use End of Life solvent-based paints. From the beginning of 2011, all of our new headsets and chargers were GreenHeartâ„ ¢ compliant. Our headsets use recycled plastics and our chargers fulfil Energy Star V requirements and have Design Production a no-load power consumption of ? 30 mW. Supply As a testament to our GreenHeartâ„ ¢ credentials and our Recycling commitment to continually improve the environmental impact of our phones, during 2011 Sony Ericsson Use Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini received the EISA Green Smart Phone 2011 – 2012 award. Design Production Supply Life cycle End of Life Substance control Use End of Life Energy consumption is a hot topic amongst users of smart phones and that’s where the Sony Ericsson Xperiaâ„ ¢Design mini Production outperforms the direct competition, be it used as a mobile Supply phone, music machine, mobile internet device or even photo camera. Recycling by SIMS Mirec Recycling Solutions, CSR the world’s largest electrical and electronics recovery and recycling company, clearly shows that when it comes to Use chemical analyses, the Sony Ericsson Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini scores End of Life best also. Despite its compact size and weight, the Sony Ericsson Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini is a clear Green winner in the mobile Design phone market of today. Production http://www. eisa. eu/award/56/european-green-smartphone-2011-2012. html Our Use Supply factory End of Life Design Production Supply Health Use End of Life Design Production Supply 8 2011 Sustainability Report Community | GreenHeartâ„ ¢ engagement Use Charger rating ? 0. 03 W No-load power consumption score chart 0. 03 to 0. 15 W 0. 15 to 0. 25 W ? 0. 03 W We have also introduced environmentally conscious packaging concepts for our accessory products. During 2011, we replaced all our plastic blister packaging with other more energy efficient solutions. Also, we reduced the packaging material by up to 30% and are using up to 50% smaller boxes in comparison to 2010. Finally, to save natural resources we do not provide No stars extended paper manuals and CDs with our phones. By replacing paper manuals with an electronic in-phone version, we have saved approximately 350 tons of paper per million phones produced. This is equivalent to 13,000 trees and 75,000 cubic meters of water. 0. 250. 03 to 0. 15 W to 0. 35 W to 0. 5 W 0. 350. 15 to 0. 25 W 0. 5 0. 25 to 0. 35 W W 0. 35 to 0. 5 W No stars 0. 5 W Mobile Device Charger Energy Mobile Device IPP project Phase 1 Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry IPP project Phase 1 Agreement EU and Industry Voluntary Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Model: EP-800 Model: No-load consumption: ? 30mW EP-300 No-load consumption: 30 mW Charger Energy Mobile Device Charger Energy Mobile Device Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry IPP Voluntary Phase 1 EU and Industry project Agreement Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Model: CST-15 Model: No-load consumption: CST-15 60 mW No-load consumption: 60 mW IPP project Phase 1 Charger Energy Mobile Device Energy Mobile Device Charger Charger Energy Voluntary Agreement EU Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry Charger Energy and Industry Charger Energy IPP project Phase 1 IPP project Phase 1 Mobile Device Mobile Device Mobile Device Mobile Device Charger Energy Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry IPP project Phase 1 Charger Energy 2011 Sustainability Report | GreenHeartâ„ ¢ 9 GreenHeartâ„ ¢ Consumers have high expectations of our products and it is important that the packaging reflects the overall experience of the phone. But packaging is also key to achieving a positive environmental impact and we have optimised the packaging of our products to make them more eco-friendly. We only use recyclable packaging materials and all packaging parts can be separated to facilitate recycling. Minimised packaging allows us to send more phones within each shipment, cutting down CO2 from transportation and saving non-renewable fuels. All our phone packaging boxes are made from paper and we are able to trace the origin of our virgin paper material. Whenever technically possible we use ink and varnish which is solvent-free and vegetable oil based ink. Design Production Supply Life cycle analysis Use End of Life Life cycle analysis Working with the life cycle perspective – our products When we assess the impact our products have on the environment, we look at the whole life cycle. The journey begins with the sourcing of materials, component manufacturing and product assembly. The products are then shipped to customers around the world and reach the end of their journey in the hands of consumers. With the availability of software updates, the lifetime of the phone can be prolonged but eventually a consumer will more than likely purchase a new handset. As a responsible consumer, he or she will recycle the old phone so that the materials can be used to make new products. The life cycle description above, gives a very brief introduction to what needs to be considered when analysing the impact that a product has on the environment. Key factors in this process include substance control, limiting greenhouse gas emissions and increasing recycling but it is also about people and having a positive social impact on the world. Sony Ericsson works hard to address all of these elements and to contribute to society through community engagement activities. Design Production Supply carbon footprint for each phase is measured or estimated footprint based on common behaviour and practices. All of these figures are added together and the total Use represents the overall environmental impact of the product. At Sony Ericsson we first completed a full life cycle analysis (LCA) Design in 2008 on a W890*. That work resulted in an LCA model Production that we still use internally today to measure and keep track of the carbon footprint of our products. Carbon End of Life Supply Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment of our phones One way of measuring the impact a product has on the environment is to calculate its carbon footprint. This means that each phase of the product’s life is analysed and a The LCA that we conduct on our products is based on a three year life expectancy. As shown in the figures, the Use End of Life biggest impact area is the component manufacturing. This is because the manufacturing of electronic components, especially integrated circuits and displays, is very energy intensive. The second largest impact isDesign the Production user phase which includes the energy that the end user consumes to charge the phone. As you can see, the user Supply Substance phase for W890 creates a slightly larger impact than for control Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc. The difference is small however and the reason it isn’t greater is that even though we have worked hard to Use End of Life reduce the energy consumption of our chargers, the fact that a smartphone has a greater functionality increases its energy consumption. For W890, the transportation of the Design components and the phones has the third biggest impact, Production while for Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc, the third biggest impact area is the Supply raw material extraction. The reason that the transportation impact is lower for Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc is largely due CSR to Sony Ericsson’s improvement work with reducing packaging and removing materials such as CDs and extended Use End of Life paper manuals. Design Production Supply Recycling Our factory Use End of Life Design Production Supply Health Use End of Life Design Production Supply Community engagement Use End of Life *In a formal Critical Review Panel carried out in 2010 at The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden and chaired by The Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), it was found that the overall quality and review process for the Sony Ericsson W890 life cycle analysis was excellent and in full compliance with the ISO 14040 series standards. 10 2011 Sustainability Report | Life cycle analysis Here are some examples to give an indication of how the LCA and the carbon footprint differ between some Sony Ericsson products. Results cannot be directly compared to other manufacturers as there is currently no common model used to calculate them. †¢ Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc: 31kg CO2 equivalents †¢ Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini: 28kg CO2 equivalents †¢ Sony Ericsson txt: 19kg CO2 equivalents †¢ Sony Ericsson W890: 24kg CO2 equivalents The figures above clearly show that high-end phones like Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc generally have a higher carbon footprint than low end phones such as Sony Ericsson txt or the W890. Smartphones are high end phones, and as we commit to expanding our smartphone range we realise that addressing the carbon footprint of smartphones is going to be a growing challenge for us. In the short term, this is resulting in an increased environmental impact, however we are keeping track of this and are working to find sustainable solutions. W890 LCA result 2008 16% 8% 2% 4% Raw material extraction Component manufacture Transportation Sony Ericsson Activities 14% 56% Phone assembly, testing and warehousing Usage Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc LCA result 2011 2% 3% 8% 15% 9% Raw material extraction Component manufacture Transportation Sony Ericsson Activities Phone assembly, testing and warehousing Usage Our goal In 2008, Sony Ericsson set a goal to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the full life cycle of our products by 15% by 2015, based on 2008 levels. In 2008, the total emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents were 2,036,165 tonnes. In 2011 that number was reduced to 1,018,400 tonnes CO2 equivalents, equalling a reduction of 50%. As these absolute figures correlate to sales it is important to continue to focus on reducing the carbon emissions for each individual product to reach our long term goal. 63% 2011 Sustainability Report | Life cycle analysis 11 Life cycle analysis Design Production Supply Carbon footprint Use End of Life Carbon footprint Our carbon footprint As we have explained in the previous LCA section, one of the tools we use to measure the impact Sony Ericsson’s products have on the environment is by calculating their carbon footprint. We also use this methodology for our business activities which includes keeping track of and reporting our direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol). Design Production Supply Our goal Recycling End of Life Carbon footprint The GHG Protocol defines three Scopes of how companies should report their greenhouse gas emissions. Scope 1 is for direct greenhouse gas emissions that come from sources that the company owns or controls. Scope 2 is for indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity which includes purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling. Scope 3 is optional and is used for reporting other big indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Under Scope 1, Sony Ericsson reports fugitive greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning equipment and emissions from employee travel in company ehicles. Under Scope 2 we report greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling for our manufacturing site and offices. We also choose to report Scope 3, under which we report greenhouse gas emissions from business travel and logistics. In 2008, Sony Ericsson set the goal to reduce the Use greenhouse gas emissions from our internal activities by 20% by 2015, using the 2008 l evels as the baseline. The internal activities are defined as Scope 1 and 2 emissions Design and the emissions from business travel. In 2010 we had Production reduced our greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 11%. In 2011, we are at approximately the same level, Substance 10% compared to the baseline, but we are still confident control in meeting our 2015 target. Supply Use End of Life As seen in the tables, emissions from logistics and business travel decreased over 2011, while emissions from manufacturing and Sony Ericsson offices, Scopes Design 1 and 2, remain about the same. The drop in the logistics Production figures is partly due to Sony Ericsson’s transformation to Supply a smartphone only business developing fewer low-end phones. To reach our 2015 target, we need to reduce our CSR Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions as well as our business travel emissions. We are currently half way to meeting our Use target and ready to take on the challenge of further reducing End of Life our emissions. Over the course of 2011 further actions were taken and initiatives were put in place to achieve this Design target. A brief summary of these can be found in the paragraph Production Supply below. We are committed to continue these in 2012 and believe that they will help us reach our target. Our During 2011 we worked with our transport providers to find ways to reduce our carbon emissions for Use logistics, as well End of Life as initiating a site review project to conduct environmental reviews of our office sites. The aim is to identify improvement areas and to make each site more sustainable. Design Production Going into 2012 we will continue this work and strive to lessen the environmental impact from all of our offices and Supply transportation activities. factory Health Renewable energy and green buildings Currently Sony Ericsson uses 100% renewable energy for our sites in Sweden. Lund, Sweden, is Sony Ericsson’s biggest site and the renewable energy used there and Design at our other Swedish site totals approximately 26% of Production all the electricity used by Sony Ericsson. The renewable electricity is certified by the Swedish Society for Nature Community Conservation and is made exclusively from renewable engagement energy sources, such as hydropower and power from biomass. Sony Ericsson strongly believes in sustainability Use and this is reflected when we choose our office buildings and was a key consideration when Sony Ericsson moved into a new building in Atlanta, USA. One of the criteria in the search for the building was that it should have a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. The building that was chosen not only has a LEED Gold certificate which is the second highest LEED certification, but Sony Ericsson also made sure to certify the tenant fit-out which received a LEED Gold certificate. Use End of Life Supply End of Life 12 2011 Sustainability Report | Carbon footprint Carbon footprint figures kg CO2 Offices and In-house manufacturing Business travel Logistics Total Scope 3 TOTAL (Scope 1, 2 3) Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Scope 3 2008 573,431 36,366,259 26,378,287 189,643,325 216,021,612 252,961,302 2009 1,098,395 33,535,653 19,705,217 120,683,029 140,388,246 175,022,294 2010 564,369 33,009,027 22,569,047 89,388,498 111,957,545 145,530,941 2011 759,230 33,589,827 22,447,594 56,561,422 79,009,016 113,358,074 kg CO2 TOTAL of SE internal activities (Scope 1, 2, 3 excl. logistics) Yearly reduction result (%) of SE internal activities (Scope 1, 2, 3 excl. logistics) Reduction result (%) of SE internal activities against the target baseline 2008 (Scope 1, 2, 3 excl. Logistics) 2008 63,317,977 N/A N/A 2009 54,339,265 -14% -14% 2010 56,142,443 3% -11% 2011 56,796,651 1% -10% Renewable energy For sites Of all purchased electricity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 38% 42% 44% 53% 47% 23% 25% 29% 31% 26% Total absolute results Scope 1 and 2 (In-house manufacturing + Sony Ericsson offices) kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 -6% -9% 2% -7% Total absolute results Scope 1, 2 3 (manufacturing, Sony Ericsson offices, business travel, logistics) kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 31% -42% -22% -55% Scope 1 and 2 In-house manfacturing kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 Sony Ericsson offices kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 -1% -13% 8% -6% -9% -7% -1% -8% Scope 3 Business travel kg CO2 – absolute 2 008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 Logistics kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 -36% -53% -37% -70% -25% -14% -1% -15% NOTE: The 2008 (baseline), 2009 and 2010 data has been updated as a result of error corrections and better data collection. This explains the increased figures for the Sony Ericsson offices and the decreased figures for renewable energy, compared to the results presented in earlier reports. 2011 Sustainability Report | Carbon footprint 13 Carbon footprint Design Production Supply Recycling Use End of Life Recycling Too precious to throw away Our phones remain valuable assets even after the end of their useful life, thanks to the materials contained within them. Those materials, when used again, reduce the need for mining and further depleting the Earth’s resources. We have been helping to facilitate this recycling journey since 2008. 0 20 40 Design Production Supply Substance Number of countries covered bycontrol recycling information 2009 – 2011 Use 60 80 100 End of Life Design Supply January 2009 January 2010 January 2011 December 2011 6 8 8 9 29 30 32 Use Production59 Why recycle? When not properly taken care of, waste can have negative impacts on both human health and the environment. However, there is a way to avoid these negative effects as well as to recover valuable materials (especially metals) through controlled recycling. Recycling can significantly reduce the demand for virgin metals and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the mining and primary production of precious metals – both very CO2 intensive activities. Additionally, by reducing the need for landfills, recycling makes it possible to use the land in a better way so it does not become redundant â€Å"wasteland†. 58 55 CSR End of Life Recycling General information Third party system Sony Ericsson’s own systems Production Supply Design Our We aim to increase direct collection from end users, with a factory Recycling facts figures Although mobile phones hold big potential for material and value recovery at their end-of-life, they are rarely recycled. Sony Ericsson set out to change this with our Global Take-Back programme, which we launched in 2008. The starting point was establishing the Global Environmental Warranty guaranteeing environmentally sound recycling of phones collected by us. In the next stage we established and increased the number of recycling collection schemes. However, we soon recognised that to better support our consumers we also needed to raise awareness of recycling in general and of our Global Take-Back programme. To achieve this we set out to provide readily available and easy-to-understand information on local recycling possibilities: www. sonyericsson. com/recycle. We also provide recycling information with our products, and all of our call centre agents are trained to answer recycling-related questions. We have come a long way since we started this initiative with only six countries. Today we provide information on recycling schemes in 41 countries, nine of which are run by or in co-operation with Sony Ericsson with approximately 500 collection and information points or pre-paid collection initiatives. In the other 32 countries we support and direct our users to industry, municipality and privately owned recycling schemes. focus on countries that currently do not have any recycling Use support initiatives in place. One of our activities, which began in 2011, aims to increase recycling collection through free postal return. Production Since we started the recycling collection initiative, the volumes processed by Sony Ericsson have grown from approximately 800,000 in 2009 to over one million in 2011. Design End of Life Supply Health Number of phones collected Use by Sony Ericsson 2009 – 2011 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 2009 2010 2011 Production Total Design End of Life annually Community engagement Total accumulated Supply Use End of Life It is important to note that these volumes constitute only a fraction of all collected Sony Ericsson phones. The total figure of all recycled Sony Ericsson phones includes the high volume of phones handled within external recycling systems, by industry and charities, partially with Sony Ericsson’s support. Of course in order to successfully drive recycling, actions must start at home. Thanks to company-wide efforts, recycling has become part of our employees’ everyday lives and way of thinking. Internally at Sony Ericsson offices, we provide collection bins and have processes in place to allow our employees to easily recycle both phones and accessories. 14 2011 Sustainability Report | Recycling Made to be recycled Our phones are designed to last and they undergo rigorous quality tests before being released to the market, but at some point all phones must reach the end of their life. All collected devices, whether from our customers or our employees, are processed by our designated recycling partners, who have been carefully chosen on the basis of the security and control of handled material and their environmental credentials. The recycling process, which was co-designed by Sony Ericsson with our recycling partners, delivers not only highly effective material and components recovery but also detailed reporting. mproper disposal of electronic waste in developing countries. We do not refurbish collected products as we believe that end-of-life devices are best used for material and components recovery. We encourage consumers to recycle Sony Ericsson phones wherever possible. Another challenge is how to measure the volumes of phones captured and recycled in systems other than our own. This is caus ed by the fact that most of these schemes collect mobile phones in a mixed stream of small electronics and IT equipment. We are working with the schemes where we participate to address this issue. Challenges Only an estimated 3% of all obsolete phones will be recycled, the rest will end up, at least initially, in storage. Currently recycling has strong competition – there are many companies buying mobile phones for refurbishing and re-sale. Revenue from selling repaired end-of-life phones generates at least ten times their recycling value; this is driving the sales of an estimated several hundred million refurbished phones a year. While we support the principle of reuse, we are concerned with the quality and safety of these products, as well as with issues around What can be reused? †¢ The phone housing is mostly made of high grade plastic or metal alloys, both of these types of materials can be recycled into various products †¢ Some parts and components, such as LCDs or cameras, can be reused in other electronic products †¢ Gold, silver, platinum and copper can be recovered through smelting processes and reused in electronic products or for jewellery 2011 Sustainability Report | Recycling 15 Recycling Design Production Supply Substance control Use End of Life Substance control Safe and secure materials in our products Sony Ericsson has a strong commitment to manufacture products with materials and substances that are safe and secure to our common earth and following generations. Sony Ericsson works to reduce the impact of our products, through the whole life cycle. We recognise the importance of ensuring that chemicals used in our manufacturing processes are controlled, monitored and not released in a way that has a negative impact on the environment. Sony Ericsson strives to continuously identify and develop alternatives to potentially hazardous and critical substances, see figure below. We are committed to continuously improve our environmental impact and this is mirrored in our daily work with sustainable work-flows that are aimed at creating a sustainable innovative leadership. Continuous improvement Sustainable innovative leadership Design Production Supply CSR â€Å"Hazardous Chemicals Substitution and Elimination† at an event in Shenzhen, China organised by Greenpeace East Asia, Chemsec and BSR. Use End of Life Substance control â€Å"Sony Ericsson also reached out to manufacturers from a wide range of industries at a business seminar Design Production in Shenzhen, China, co-organised by Greenpeace East Asia, ChemSec and BSR. At the seminar, Sony Ericsson Supply Our introduced its phase-out programs and material factory declaration systems. It is important that experience gained from one industry on hazardous substance Use End of Life phase-out can be passed on to other industries that are facing similar challenges. It will help inspire and facilitate the establishment of similar programs within Design other sectors†, Tianjie Ma, Head of Toxics Campaign, Production Greenpeace East Asia Supply Step2 Review by 3rd party on the performance Publicly disclose report the goals fulfilment on progress towards goals Step4 Step3 Sony Ericsson’s environmental working procedures have Health been recognised by the United Nations Environment Programme2 (UNEP) as well as a number of authorities and Use non-governmental organisations. In 2011, Sony Ericsson was engaged in the UNEP work within the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management3 (SAICM) and Chemicals in Products (CiP) to reduceDesign Production the use of substances of concern in products. Compliance verification process End of Life Supply Publicly share internal guidelines set goals Step1 Full Disclosure Materials Declarations Chemical Analysis Sony Ericsson has engaged Environmental Heroes, such as our environmental coordinators, throughout the organisation to ensure that we consistently meet the high requirements we have set ourselves. They also make sure that our partners and suppliers fulfil our tough requirements, and drive the process of replacing hazardous and critical substances. One of the key documents we highlight to our partners, suppliers, factories and customers is the Sony Ericsson List of Banned and Restricted Substances. This document, which goes beyond compulsory legal regulations, sets out our environmental targets for replacing banned and restricted substances. The document is continuously updated and new substances added as required. For every phone model we put on the market a specific Environmental Declaration is available for download from our website. These documents detail various aspects of each phone including material content, energy consumption, battery, packaging and recycling information. Sony Ericsson is constantly working with non-governmental organisations, industry bodies and relevant authorities to identify areas where we can lower the environmental impact of our products. An example of this pro-active collaboration was shown when we joined a seminar on the topic 16 Identifying materials and substances in the supply chain Our Environmental Design Review process is intended to ensure that we meet legal and internal requirements to prevent the distribution of hazardous and critical substances in our products. This is further illustrated in the pictures above and below. In 2008 we launched our Compliance Check System, a database which contains information from external sources and suppliers that is linked to Sony Ericsson’s product life management system. Full material declarations are required from suppliers to meet industry standard IPC-1752. It is through this mechanism that all phones and accessories are thoroughly screened. They are also tested by third-party laboratories for chemical content before going to market. 2011 Sustainability Report | Substance control Environmental Design Review Environmental Declaration Establish internal chemical policy guidelines procedures The Sony Ericsson Lists of banned and Restricted Substances Environmental Declaration on every Sony Ericsson phone Community engagement Customer Requirements, Regulation, Strategies, Goals and Targets Use Banned and Restricted Substance List End of Life Design for Environment Substance control procedures SEMC request CuO Al 2 O3 O(CC)C=O 26. 5 % 89-27-6 Fe 3. 89 % 0. 56 % Pass Environmental declaration By clearly articulating our requirements to our first tier suppliers, Sony Ericsson creates a system whereby our suppliers and their suppliers systematically phase out hazardous and critical substances. Phase out of critical substances BFR’s Phase out in boards, casing, cables Lead Phase out PVC Phase out Beryllium Phase out Organic bromine chlorine compounds ROHS Compliant 2005 REACH Candidate Substance Substance control control Sony Ericsson is one step ahead Sony Ericsson products are compliant with applicable laws and regulations including the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS and RoHS 2) and REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We believe the electronics industry has a responsibility to proactively find substitutes to replace brominated flame retardants (BFR) and other critical halogens, PVC and critical phthalates. Sony Ericsson started phasing out BFR’s early in 2000 and our new products for 2012 and onwards will be BFR free. All new Sony Ericsson products are phthalate free, with regard to those phthalates targeted and regulated by the EU, but we are striving to go beyond the legal requirements and aim to phase out all phthalates from our products soon. The next step in our phase out programme is to work to remove all organic brominated and chlorine compounds in our products. ALL phthalates Phase out Antimony and tin organics Phase out 96 06 07 08 09 10 11†¦ Sony Ericsson has been successful in phasing out critical substances. Today we are proud to say that we are free from brominated flame retardants (BFR), PVC, beryllium and for part of our portfolio we are also free of antimony, phthalates and organic bromine and chlorine compounds. The phase out procedure can be seen in the figure above. 2 3 http://www. unep. org SAICM was developed by a multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral Preparatory Committee. It supports the achievement of the goal agreed at the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development of ensuring that, by the year 2020, chemicals are produced and used in ways that minimize significant adverse impacts on the environment and human health. CiP which is driven by SAICM, aims to ensure , that information is available and transmitted through the production chain for the benefit of multiple stakeholders. 2011 Sustainability Report | Substance control 17 Substance control CuO 125-63-2 87-32-8 Full material declaration Au 1. 2 % 109-94-4 Al 1$ 3 + 4 2 Compliance check (RoHS, Reach) Design Production Supply CSR Use End of Life Supply chain We are continuously evolving our approach towards supply chain corporate social responsibility Sony Ericsson believes in respect for human rights and the ethical treatment of all employees, both internally and in our wider supply chain, because we think that everybody in the value chain has the same rights and responsibilities. Our Supplier Social Responsibility Code (Supplier Code) is in place to ensure that our values and principles are driven through the entire supply chain. From our work with suppliers we have learned that both a thorough understanding by suppliers and long term engagement by Sony Ericsson are required in order to build up continuous positive changes in the supply chain. In 2011, Sony Ericsson continued with our strategy of social responsibility engagement by carrying out a number of detailed assessments across our suppliers’ sites by internal CSR specialists. In total, 77 visits were made to 41 sites around the world including component suppliers and production sites. Of the suppliers we visited in 2011 about 76% received a second visit or more, indicating our efforts and focus in providing sufficient education on our social responsibility requirements and on building a relationship of trust with our suppliers. The number of CSR visits and percentage of re-visits 2009 Number of Visits % of re-visit 36 75% 2010 47 74% 2011 77 76% Design Production Supply Concerns about raw materials Our factory Sony Ericsson shares concerns surrounding raw material Use End of Life and mineral extraction activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and its neighbouring countries. Sony Ericsson is committed to finding effective solutions to Design concerns surrounding raw material extractions and our Production approach to these issues is twofold. Not only do we Supply assess our first tier suppliers for their understanding of Health and conformance with our Supplier Social Responsibility Code, but also we work with the wider industry to support initiatives such as the Conflict Free Smelter program Use End of Life developed by the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) and Electronics Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC). In 2011, we participated in a number of discussions held Design Production by the GeSI/EICC Supply Chain/Extractives working group and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Supply Community Development (OECD) on the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Mineralsengagement from ConflictAffected and High-Risk Areas to help tackle this issue. Use End of Life Supply chain The more suppliers understand our requirements, the more we start to see positive improvements from suppliers themselves. In 2011 for the first time, the category of ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ became a part of the Supplier Awards given to suppliers for their performance over the year. The supplier, who was awarded in the Corporate Social Responsibility category, was chosen due to its clear support of and dedication to supplier responsibility during 2011. In order to strengthen the internal knowledge of our social responsibility policies and requirements within our supply chain, Sony Ericsson has developed an internal online training course. The aim of this course is to provide our employees with the opportunity to learn about our essential values in this area and raise awareness of the practices they may encounter at our supplier sites. The contents of the training include information on fair working conditions, health and safety, environmental management and anti-corruption. 18 2011 Sustainability Report | Supply chain Design Production Supply Our factory Use End of Life Our factory Beijing SE Potevio Mobile Communications Co. , Ltd. is Sony Ericsson’s main production and distribution centre and only in-house manufacturing facility. Beijing SE Potevio Mobile Communications Co. , Ltd. (BMC) is jointly owned by Sony Ericsson and local partners China Potevio and Nanjing Panda Electronics Group, two of the largest companies in the Chinese electronics telecommunications industry. Design Production Supply Our carbon footprint figures for manufacturing Health for Sony Ericsson as a whole reflect the overall reduction in electricity and steam consumption. However, an increasingly Use End of Life important factor and resource is water and its consumption. The table below shows how BMC has lowered its water consumption between 2008 and 2011. Design Production Factory Water Consumption (ton) Compared to 2008 (%) Compared to 2009 (%) Compared to 2010 (%) 2008 156,713 N/A N/A N/A 2009 129,940 -17% N/A N/A We take environmental, health and safety management very seriously. As such, we have four different management systems with integrated processes and procedures to, among other things, manage documents, control internal audits, ensure compliance with regulations, set corrective actions and put in place continuous improvement activities for environmental, health and safety management. In this way we ensure that environmental and social factors are an integrated part of our daily operations and business practices at the factory. Sony Ericsson requires all manufacturing sites, including the BMC facility, and suppliers to have an Environmental Management System such as ISO 14001 or equivalent and a Health and Safety Management System such as OHSAS 18001 or equivalent in place. BMC has been certified for ISO 14001 since 1999 and for OHSAS 18001 since 2009 by Det Norske Veritas (DNV). All of our activities are audited and certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 (Quality Management Systems). Twice a year, BMC internally reviews and evaluates its compliance to all applicable laws and regulations according to its EHS Management Systems, additionally all environmental aspects and health and safety hazards are also identified and assessed to evaluate their impact in normal and potential emergency situations. According to the risk value, significant hazards are identified and activities for reducing and controlling their impact are worked out. BMC also receives a periodical EHS audit twice a year by the external party DNV. 2% N/A -7% -8% CSR activities Our factory is regularly assessed against our Supplier Social Responsibility Code for labour, health and safety aspects. As part of and to complement this assessment, BMC initiated its first self-assessment in 2008 and now updates yearly. The last update was carried out in Q4 2011. Since 2008 BMC has been subscribed to the ElectronicTool for Accountable Supply Chains (E-TASC), to easily share Sony Ericsson’s CSR status in its factory operations with operators. E-TASC requests information on environmental practices, health and safety standards, ethical conduct and human rights. 2011 Sustainability Report | Our factory 9 Our factory Environmental, Health Safety (EHS) Management Systems Community 132,340 121,246 engagement Use -16% 2010 2011 Supply -23% End of Life Design Production Supply Health Use End of Life Health Electromagnetic fields and Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) At Sony Ericsson we acknowledge community concerns around electromagnetic fields and Specific Absorptio n Rates and the potential public health effects. We support and monitor the independent research and investigations conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, to protect the independence of the studies we are not actively involved in them. Some people are concerned that radio waves (electromagnetic fields, also known as EMF) from mobile phones and base stations may cause health problems. The overwhelming weight of scientific evidence, however, shows no association. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is the unit of measurement employed in the exposure guidelines for mobile phones and other specified radio equipment. Before Sony Ericsson releases a mobile phone model to the market we conduct tests to ensure that the handset complies with the SAR limit established by the relevant authorities. All information on SAR and Sony Ericsson products can be found on our website including reported SAR levels for each of our handsets. Please visit www. sonyericsson. com/health for more information. Design Production Supply Community engagement Use End of Life Health Nickel Following concerns raised around the potential risk of nickel causing irritation for people with sensitive skin, Sony Ericsson has removed nickel from contact surfaces. In 2008, Sony Ericsson prohibited nickel in parts that come into contact with the user during normal use. Our commitment to you All of our products have complete Environmental Declarations. These detail the material content of each Sony Ericsson device and are available for download from our website: www. sonyericsson. com/support 20 2011 Sustainability Report | Health Community engagement Response to the disaster in Japan On March 11 2011, an earthquake measuring 9. 0 on the Richter scale which then also generated a 30m tsunami hit the Tohoku region of Japan. The fatalities reached 15,000 with more than 3,000 missing. With our Japanese heritage it was a great shock for Sony Ericsson employees to experience the earthquake in Tokyo and then hear the news around the world. However, as soon the news spread, our employees galvanised to offer donations, volunteer their time and contribute in any way possible to support the disaster relief effort. Matching gifts to Red Cross Japan Immediately after the disaster, Sony Ericsson Japan participated in Sony’s matching gifts program for the Disaster Relief Fund for Victims of the Great Tohoku Earthquake. In just three weeks Sony Ericsson Japan raised over 5. 6 million JPY. Together with the amount collected from Sony employees in Japan, funds raised were donated to the Central Community Chest of Japan and delivered directly to the disaster victims. Outside of Japan, Sony Ericsson donated 75,000 EUR to the Japanese Red Cross. This lump sum donation was in addition to donations made by our parent companies Sony and Ericsson to a number of local charities. Playing tennis to raise funds for Japan disaster relief At the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Florida, USA in March, Sony Ericsson participated in a three-way fund raising initiative for the victims of the Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster, dubbed â€Å"Tennis for Japan†, featuring the stars of the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) and the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour. Through collecting donations from the audience, sale of special edition T-shirts and a charity gala dinner, more than 300,000 USD was raised for the Japanese Red Cross, including a 50,000 USD contribution from Sony Ericsson. Restart Japan project Throughout the course of 2011, Sony Ericsson Japan continuously encouraged various charity programs internally and externally to support the Tohoku earthquake victims through the Restart Japan Fund. The Fund was established by Save the Children Japan (SCJ) in cooperation with Sony Corporation to support children – the foundations of Japan’s future – who suffered as a result of the disaster. As of November 2011, Sony Ericsson Japan had raised over 6. 2 million JPY in total for the Restart Japan Fund. To raise donations, Sony Ericsson Japan held internal employee events as well as encouraging customers to support activities. Four kinds of special mobile phone straps were designed to inspire the recovery of Japan. The straps, designed by two designers who live in the Miyagi prefecture where the earthquake and tsunami hit, were presented to our customers who purchased accessory products from the Sony Ericsson Store and added a donation with their purchase. All the donations were then fully donated to the Restart Japan Fund. 2011 Sustainability Report | Community engagement 21 Community engagement 10th anniversary celebrations around the world Community engagement In October 2011, Sony Ericsson celebrated its 10th year as a joint venture between Sony Corporation and Ericsson and each regional office was tasked with planning an innovative way to celebrate the 10th anniversary. In the Asia Pacific region employees chose to celebrate Sony Ericsson’s 10th nniversary by giving back to the community. You can read more about what our employees in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore did below: Indonesia The team in Indonesia put together a charity program for a school for under-privileged children in the Depok suburb of Jakarta. This included classroom makeovers, book cases, school supplies, art and craft materials and healthy snacks. The team also spent a day with the children, taking part in various games, entertainment and fun activitie s. Singapore In Singapore, on September 30, 2011 39 Sony Ericsson volunteers spent a fun-filled day with 249 students and 62 staff at the LEE KONG CHIAN GARDENS SCHOOL (LGS), one of MIND’s special education schools. With a history that dates back to 1970, LGS is committed to teach, equip and train intellectually disabled pupils, enabling them to have a productive and purposeful life. The team organised a children’s carnival for the students at LSG with a huge range of activities including a bouncy castle, tug-of-war, various games stalls and soccer games. At the end of the carnival, each child was presented with a goodie bag to remember the day by. Engaging in local schools China – Hope School Project Over the past few years, Sony Ericsson has worked to promote charity in China, with a particular focus on the development of education through the Hope School project. In 2009 and 2010, Sony Ericsson funded the building of two Hope Primary Schools, one in the Sichuan Province and one in the Shanxi Province. In 2011, we continued to support the Hope School project by funding another Hope School in the Hebei Province. Malaysia Employees in Malaysia partnered with KSK, a charitable non-profit organisation set up to feed the needy and homeless in urban Kuala Lumpur. Besides contributing as a sponsor, the team also spent a day as volunteers preparing and packing food in the kitchen and then sending the food out to the slum areas in the city. In addition, employees from Sony Ericsson China visited the Chan Lin Township Primary School in Cang Xi County in the Sichuan Province for a donation ceremony and to present the students with invitation letters to participate in the 31st Beijing Marathon. The marathon was held on October 16, 2011 with 10 students from Sony Ericsson Hope Schools in rural areas of Sichuan, Qinghai, and Shanxi provinces and Sony Ericsson employees also participating. All students and Sony Ericsson employees finished their target routes successfully and afterwards, the students were invited to stay with Sony Ericsson emplo How to cite Sony Ericsson Sustainabiliy Report 2011, Papers

Societies Concern about Sensationalism, Media Ethics, and Practices

Abstract In the contemporary world, people handle things differently because of their desire to earn massive profits. The media executives aspire to generate huge profits, and therefore, they have taken a different approach in handling the junior journalists.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Societies’ Concern about Sensationalism, Media Ethics, and Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Journalists, who ought to exercise an authoritative role in giving reliable information, are acting under the influence of the public and the pressures from their bosses. Lately, the journalists desire to obtain public attention at all cost. They do not consider the effects that their actions would have to the larger society. Various societies are raising their concerns about the ethical considerations of the journalists. Communities are wondering if the media executives take a stringent analysis of the possible nega tive effects of programs before making broadcasts. This research proposal gives a clear outlay of the procedures that the researcher will employ to obtain the required information. The researcher will interview various members of different age groups within the area of study. Thereafter, the researcher will sample various media outlets, and select the respondents to take part in the study in a random manner. Essentially, the entire research will take a quantitative approach, where the researcher will go the field and collect first hand information. The main data collection instruments will comprise of questionnaires and interview pamphlets. Further, the researcher will employ two approaches to analyse the collected data. Thematic analysis will be essential in detecting the themes and subthemes in the responses of the interviewees, while the statistical package for social sciences will be helpful in analysing collected data.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications med ia? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction Background information The main role of the media is channelling communication to the public. Through the media, citizens are enlightened about the happenings within their nations and across the entire world. In the past, people could spare time to listen to the news broadcasts, as they were very vital. The few media outlets that exist could spend quality time to prepare conspicuous news that could capture the attention of every individual. However, media stations are increasing in number, and every media station competes for the public attention (Kellner, 2003). With the increase in the number of lucrative advertising deals, the media attendants are emphasizing on the quantity rather than the quality of information passed to the audience. The stifling news bulletins are meant to capture the attention of the observers and listeners. Interestingly, any advert that is aired during such prime moments generates massive income to the media station. Sometimes journalists have to use inaccurate news to capture the attention of the audiences. With an increase of the viewership and ratings, the media outlet is likely to obtain more lucrative deals than before (Kellner, 2003). It is noteworthy that people in the contemporary world are becoming enlightened, and they no longer believe in the inaccurate news. The desire to generate massive profits has obligated the journalists to ignore the media ethics that they ought to employ in their practices. The loss of trust in the media, the unethical broadcasts, and the ignorance that prevails in all the affected people has degraded the societal values. Therefore, various societies are highly concerned about media ethics and practices, and thus, they question the future of the media industry.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Societies’ Concern about Sensationalism, Media Ethics, and Practices specif ically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Literature review Ethics is a set of moral conducts that are very essential in every aspect of life. Journalists have an enormous role of ensuring that they portray the highest level of moral standards in everything that they perform daily. To ensure that journalists have the essential ethical trainings, curriculum developers ensure that they incorporate ethics into syllabuses of the journalists. By so doing, the educators release competent journalists into the society. However, it was noted that the employers are to blame for the unethical practices in the profession of journalism. The executives of media outlets are always on the neck of the field journalists. They have set targets that the journalists have to attain by the end of the day. With or without sensational news on the ground, the journalists have to develop some thrilling stories to broadcast to the public (Jones, 2004). Cases have happened wher e journalists had to develop inaccurate stories and sensationalize them to attain the set targets. It is worth noting that the heightened technologies have eased the procedures of entering into the media and communication industry. The rising number of media outlets brings some competition amongst the service providers. Every media outlet desires to have the highest number of viewers and the highest rating. The most popular media outlet attracts companies that intend to make adverts, and through the adverts, the media stations are able to generate massive profits (Kellner, 2003). The struggle to have the highest rating is what makes media outlets to ignore the standards of transmitting their messages to the public. Sensationalism is a very common occurrence in the contemporary world. News editors have developed a habit of over-hyping news stories to increase viewership. The editors will omit some important facts and emphasize on controversial parts of the news regardless of their ir relevance.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The entire exercise leads to misrepresentation of information and exaggeration of useless facts. The news broadcasters will stress on some news contents that cannot help the modern business-minded people. Cases have happened where news writers present their controversial subjects in noticeable pages of the newspapers to attract the readers. The press coverage presents exaggerated and biased controversial political matters under the influence of prominent politicians (Jones, 2004). Therefore, enlightened citizens will never trust some of the information presented by media outlets. The fact that media outlets are trying to catch up with the evolving technologies and to make the best out of them is recommendable. However, it is very discouraging to note that politicians, wealthy companies, and influential people are taking advantage of their power to control the media and the things that they broadcast to the public. The whole issue has weakened the media’s voice of authority. T he journalists in the contemporary world are becoming unaggressive and submissive to the powerful people at the expense of the other citizens. The media will air what the influential people want the rest of the citizens to hear. The editors will alter any true information that may raise the eyebrows of the citizen. They will wipe out off insightful information about corruption and scandals that involve prominent people. The journalists will have to distort national public figures that may bring suspicions for monetary gains. The whole issue brings biases and inaccuracies of the broadcasted information. Members of the public can no longer trust the media transmissions, as they cannot know if the information is accurate or not (Tsfati Capella, 2003). Essentially, the media outlets can only regain the trust of the public if they stop being money minded, but instead become purpose driven by employing all the ethical practices that are indispensable in the career of journalism. Statemen t of the problem The aggressiveness of the various media outlets heartens the journalists to air sensational information to the public. Media sensationalism has played a significant role in reducing the interest of the viewers by increasing the doubts of whether the broadcasted information is precise or not. Journalists perceive the sensitive information as crucial as it captures the interest of the citizens; however, the information depicts the dark side of the journalism career. The society feels that the media is playing a significant role in instilling immorality among the young children. Street magazines, journals, and the television among other media outlets display distorted materials to the public. Children, especially the adolescents, will always develop ways to access the sensational information while the adults tend to limit the time they spend reading and viewing the distorted materials. So far, societies have shown their concerns about media ethics and practices by rais ing their voices against the sensational information. The whole issue presents an enormous problem that may breed an immoral generation if the situation continues. Moreover, the media outlets may find it difficult to convey serious news to the people, who usually take things lightly. Hypothesis Null hypothesis: Media outlets portray ethical practices of journalism that do not raise the eyebrows of the society, and thus they do not relay any sensational information to attract the public and earn massive profits. Alternative hypothesis: Media outlets portray unethical journalism practices that raise the eyebrows of the society, and their main aim is to relay sensational information to attract the attention of the public and earn enormous profits. Aims and objectives of the research The research will aim at finding out how the public perceives the information relayed by the current media outlets. Secondly, the research will aim at obtaining the exact reason as to why the journalists ha ve to broadcast sensational information that may not be accurate. To arrive at the set aims, the researcher will focus on the specific objectives listed below. Determine accuracy levels of the information relayed by various media outlets and determine the ethical considerations of the journalists. Measure the level of satisfaction of the target customers of the media outlets and find out their opinions on what the media should do. Take a stringent analysis of the current media transmissions and compare their content with that of the transmission in the early days. Determine the best approaches that the media outlets should employ to win the trust of their target customers and the address the society’s concerns. Research questions To achieve the set objectives, the researcher will be obligated to have the following research questions in mind. To what extend is the target customer satisfied with the media transmissions in the current world? Is there some pressure that influe nces the journalists to carry out their practices in an unethical and sensational manner? Do journalists care about the effect that their sensational information has on the young children, teenagers, and the entire population in general? What is the level of accuracy and reliability of the information that the journalists present in various media outlets? Is there a significant difference between the accuracy, reliability, and ethical considerations of the current broadcasts and the previous broadcasts? Research methodology This research aims at obtaining first hand information that will help in informing the media that their unethical practices are bringing more harm than good. The collected data will be essential in testing the hypothesis. Therefore, it is very vital to employ a very organized approach to achieve its goals. A detailed research design, a decisive sampling procedure, viable data collection tools, excellent data processing, and analysis procedures will be necessary. Research design The research will take a quantitative research design, as it will involve some form of numeric data. The whole research will aim at analysing the relationship between the dependent variable, media ethics and practices, and the three independent variables: influence from prominent people, desire to generate massive profits, the highly set targets. Clearly, the information needed is very sensitive, and the researcher will have to collect first hand information that would help in coming up with a decisive conclusion. From the newly collected data, the researcher will be able to develop influential explanations that may help in convincing the journalists to review their unethical practices. Sampling procedures This research will take two stages in sampling the respondents to take part in the study. Firstly, a random sampling technique will be useful in selecting the potential respondents. Secondly, the researcher will employ convenience sampling to find people, who ar e willing to participate in the study interviews. The two-stage sampling process will be very essential in achieving randomization and in selecting the right respondents who will give information willingly. The two stage sampling procedures will only apply to the target customers of the media industry. Essentially, the media industry targets citizens of all ages across the nation. Moreover, it will be very essential to consider some children, whose views will be very important. The researcher will be very keen in ensuring that the sample comprises of males and females to avoid biases. The researcher will ensure that it employs a balanced sampling procedure to enhance external validity of the findings. Essentially, the researcher will select the participants depending on various variables that will guarantee of the selected sample as a true representation of the study population. The researcher will target about one thousand respondents and will predict a response rate of 90%. For th e media outlets, the researcher will make a random selection of the outlets and the respective respondents. The overwhelming journalism role is worth considering when determining the journalists, who to take part in the study. Therefore, from one point to another, the researcher will have to use personal judgment to identify the friendly journalists, who would give the required information with ease. The purpose of the strategic sampling procedures is to collect the most viable and convenient information from the willing respondents. Instruments of data collection The main data collection instruments will be the interview pamphlets and the questionnaires. The interview pamphlets will be structured in a strategic manner to collect all the required information. The researcher will have to list the topic that relates to the research questions, research objectives and the research hypothesis. Thereafter, the researcher will then reorganize the questions such that related questions have a systematic flow. Introductory questions will come first, while the other questions will follow systematically. The most complex questions will be somewhere in between the questions while very friendly questions will appear at the end of the interview pamphlet. From one time to another, the researcher may have to record the entire interview on tape to capture the entire discussion. The recorded material will play a great role in ensuring that there is accuracy in the analysis of the respondents’ information. The questionnaire is a very critical data collection instrument. It has to be structured in a very simple manner that will motivate the respondents to spend very little time filling it. The researcher will ensure that the questions seek the relevant information without beating around the bush. The first information in the questionnaire will assure the respondents that the information that they give is purely for research purposes, and most importantly, no part of the que stionnaire will require the respondents to give personal information. The researcher will include both closed and open-ended questions in the questionnaire. Moreover, the respondents will have some spaces to write their general views about sensationalism, media ethics, and practices. Data collection procedures The first step of the data collection procedure is examining the suitability and reliability of the data collection instruments. A pilot test will be very essential in determining the weak areas of the interview pamphlets and questionnaires (Bryman, 2008). In case the questionnaires and the interview pamphlets need some amendments, the researcher will have to prepare a new set of the data collection instruments to meet the demands of the target respondents. It is noteworthy that the in-depth interviews are likely to have some structured questions that need interpretation. The researcher will have to interpret the questions to the respondents to ensure that they have a clear un derstanding of what is required of them. Secondly, the researcher will have to listen carefully to what the respondents have to say. It will be extremely important for the researcher to observe and interpret the body language of every respondent to have a clear outlay of every aspect discussed. If need be, the researcher may have to record some interview conversation, however, this will be after seeking permission from the respondent. The researcher will have to ensure that the interviewee is very comfortable with the venue of the interview. If possible, the interviewer should choose a place that is free from disruptions, and most importantly, the interviewees will have the freedom to choose their convenient time. The researcher will have to determine the best method of ensuring that the respondents obtain their questionnaires. The researcher may opt to make a hand delivery of hard copies of the questionnaires. In that case, the researcher has to collect the duly filled questionnair es in person. Secondly, the researcher may opt to send the questionnaires to the respondents through postal addresses. The other option would be to send soft copies of the questionnaires through a reliable email address. To motivate the respondents to return the duly filled questionnaires, the researcher will attach paid stamps to the return envelopes. In case the last two options are the most suitable, the researcher will arrange to obtain the email addresses and physical addresses of the selected respondents. As evident from the descriptions of the data collection procedures, the research will be too demanding and thus the researcher will have to spend quality time to achieve the required results. However, the entire research will take approximately eight months, which is enough to walk around interviewing and obtaining first hand information. With the decisive research proposal, the researcher is likely to secure some funding from non-governmental organizations that addresses soc ial matters. Therefore, the researcher will have enough resources to collect reliable data that will formulate a significant research report. Other possible methods The researcher may opt to obtain the necessary data through observation or using second hand information from previous literature. However, observation is very unreliable as biases may arise while collecting the information. The researcher may always depict a wrong image about the media even in cases where the media require some credit. Moreover, using information from previous researches is very unreliable, as one cannot measure the accuracy of the information in a research report. Moreover, past research reports may not capture the information of the contemporary world that changes steadily with the evolving technologies. The researcher may have to replicate the mistakes that previous researchers have made, and thus, there would be no addition of value to the existing researches. Data processing and analysis Data analy sis is a very critical exercise in any research and in this case, the researcher will employ the thematic analysis procedures to comprehend the responses. Thematic analysis will allow the researcher to detect the themes and subthemes in the recorded interviews. The most important part of the procedure is coding of responses, where, the researcher will consider the age, profession, and the education level of the interviewee. Secondly, the researcher will contemplate the themes and subthemes that will arise in every section of the interview. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be very essential in giving a statistical approach of analysing the numeric data contained in the questionnaire. Firstly, the software will be very essential in giving a descriptive outlay of all the respondents. The software will enable the research to determine the number of males and females who took part in the study. Further, the researcher will be able to categorize the respondents in d ifferent age groups. The SPSS software will enable the researcher to make a correlation and regression analysis of the different variables of the study. The software will give all results at the researcher’s precision level of choice. Multivariate analysis will be very essential in making a multiple comparison of the study variables. Validity and reliability of the collected data Indeed, if the researcher follows the aforementioned procedures to collect the data, the entire research will give valid and reliable data. The reliability and validity of data is dependent on the level of accuracy. The quantitative research design is more likely to produce the most reliable data than any other research design (Corbetta, 2003). Reliability is the ability to obtain the same results if the researcher replicated the study. On the other hand, validity is attained if all the aforementioned procedures are employed in every step of the research process. Therefore, with great planning of the events, the researcher will be able to interview the respondents in an appropriate manner to obtain accurate information. The recorded interview sessions will help greatly in retrieving the required information in case of gaps and misunderstandings. The questionnaires will also provide accurate and reliable data as long as they are handled in a proper manner. The researcher will offer the respondents with sufficient time to fill the questionnaires. The assurance of confidentiality will help greatly in obtaining the most reliable information. The most important factor of applying no prejudice in the data collection and analysis exercise will assure the audience that the researcher is likely to come up with the most reliable report ever. Limitation of the chosen approach As mentioned before, the researcher hopes to obtain funds from an NGO that deals with social matters. Therefore, if the researcher fails to secure the funds, the entire research exercise may be crippled. The research er may have to skip some stages of the data collection exercise to cut on costs. Moreover, the researcher may have to cut on the number of target respondents to have a small sample representation. As the small sample may not represent the entire population appropriately, the researcher may have to replicate and generalize the results. Secondly, the fact that the researcher may have to carry out several interviews is quite challenging. The whole exercise may be too demanding, and the researcher may have to outsource some services to handle the interviewees. The outsourced researchers may not be keen on studying the facial and body language. The entire data collection exercise is time consuming, tiresome, and the researcher may be bored at some point of the study. The boredom and other external factors may distort the remaining exercises, which may affect the remaining part of the study. Interview biases are likely to be common if the researcher decides to outsource the research assis tant services. Lastly, non-response errors may occur in the research, where the researcher may have more spoilt questionnaires than anticipated. Ethical issues The main ethical considerations of the participants are the assurance of confidentiality, informed consent, and equal justice. As mentioned earlier, the interviewer will not record any conversation with the interviewees without permission. The researcher will have to inform the respondents about the research and respond to all queries regarding the research in a calm manner. Secondly, all the questionnaires will emphasize on the important of confidentiality. Most importantly, all participants will obtain equal treatments from the researcher. The researcher will have to protect raw data. The public will only access the research results in the form of a report. Respect, punctuality, and accuracy of speech are some of the inevitable items that the researcher will have to adhere to throughout the study. Lastly, all participants w ill voluntarily participate in the study. References Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Corbetta, P. (2003). Social research: Theory, methods and techniques. London: Sage. Jones, D.A. (2004). Why Americans don’t trust the media: A preliminary analysis. The Harvard International Journal of Politics, 9(2), 60-75. Kellner, D. (2003). Media spectacle. London: Routledge. Tsfati, Y. Capella, J.N. (2003). Do people watch what they do not trust? Exploring the association between news media skepticism and exposure. Communication Research, 30(1), 504-529. This proposal on Societies’ Concern about Sensationalism, Media Ethics, and Practices was written and submitted by user Janelle Olson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.