Millers Dramatic Effects of Dishonesty in Death of a...

Millers Dramatic Effects of Dishonesty in Death of a Salesman Introduction ============ Dishonesty is common throughout Death of a Salesman. Whether the lies are intentional or delusional, Willy, Biff, and Happy tell untruths all the time, Biff finally realizes that theyve been lying to each other and themselves so much, that they dont even know who they really are. Dishonesty is also highlighted by Willys relationship with the woman and his delusion in relation to his career. Finally, Lindas honesty makes the other characters dishonesty move evident and therefore dramatic. Willys Betrayal and infidelity to Linda with the woman†¦show more content†¦The fact that it does not occur to either of the boys that theres something wrong with this is very shocking and the audience is left to wonder how they developed such an attitude Biff Biff is deceitful about his life but his dishonesty is compounded, as Willy is dishonest about him. When Biff stole a football from the locker room when he was in high school, and he claimed that he took it because the coach told him to work on his passing. Willy acts for a moment as if Biff should return it, but when Hap implies that Biff was wrong for taking the ball, Willy defends Biff and declares that the coach, rather than being angry with Biff for stealing, would have been proud and impressed with Biffs initiative. Willy tells Biff that its OK that he took the ball because the coach likes him. Willy tells his son its perfectly fine to steal from people, as long as you are well liked; theyll let you get away with it. Willy finds it impossible to understand how someone who was as popular and well liked as Biff was in high school, could have grown up to be such a failure. Willy always believed that Biffs popularity would naturally lead to great success in the business world. B ut thats not the way things have worked out for Biff, and Willy is baffled by it. Willy shows this by telling Biff to pretend his work out West was business related instead

Cause or Effect of Gambling Free Essays

Cause or Effect of Gambling â€Å"Che-Ching! † â€Å"Yes! Jackpot! † shouted the man as he jumped up and down. However, will his happiness last forever? The nest time the man gambled, the money in his pocket completely turned to dust. From that day onwards, like a broken glass, his life is destroyed and almost impossible to bring back happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause or Effect of Gambling or any similar topic only for you Order Now From this man’s case, clearly there are several negative effects of gambling. First of all, gambling will cause a person to have bankruptcy. Luck is not always by our side. When a person grasps a lot of money, he will have more urge to gamble and eventually lose all of his money in the end. Following up by bankruptcy, gamblers will face many hard times with loan shark. Most of them are unable to pay back as the interest rate gradually increases. Time after time, loan shark will disturb their lives and force them to pay back in any chance. Reports review that loan shark can be so inhumane that they will wreck and destroy the victim’s house, kidnap and blackmail any family members, or even strangle them to death. Subsequently, gamblers will have a broken relationship with their family. Their action brings disgrace on the whole family due to bankruptcy and being hooked by loan sharks. More trouble will occur and family members have to leave them alone, desolated and unwanted, those gamblers are led to only one road, suicidal. In conclusion, gambling can ruin and even ends a person’s life. So before one choose to gamble, one must consider the deadly effects of gambling, before thinking of being filthy rich. How to cite Cause or Effect of Gambling, Essay examples

NSW Electricity Price Rises

Question: Discuss about the NSW Electricity Price Rises. Answer: Introduction Electricity is a major source of power in Australia. Many households rely on it for their daily operations including lighting their residential places during night time. Many industries use it to rum small machineries. It can therefore be said to have an influence on economic productivity being the fact that its a raw input for some production; businesses are feeling an addition to production costs.[1] Since electricity is a utility good, and its demand is price inelastic to prices, the suppliers has market power to influence its price. This raises the concern of the government to regulate the prices charged on the market. In most economies, most of electricity supplying firms are natural monopolies with government regulations. This helps in ensuring that the consumers are not exploited through high prices. For some past years, the electric prices were going up whereas in some the price went down. This paper will help in identifying some the factors responsible for influencing the el ectricity prices. Various theories will be used in explaining this behavior. The theories include supply and demand theories. When the prices of electricity is going down holding all other factors constant, it demand must be very high and a deficiency in supply. Contrary, when the price is going down, the demand is lower and the supply is high. Otherwise costs of production may also explain the price variations. High costs of production forces the suppliers to raise the price of output; lower prices are charged when costs are lower. The paper will define the best policies to ensure that future sustainability is ensured. For the companies supplying utility goods such as electricity, the prices charged are government regulated. In order to identify non-competitive behavior, the government watchdogs are given instructions to continuously conduct an electric price review.[2] They do this by checking the behaviors of the retail suppliers, their profit margins and whether they are offering the consumers the best deals. A high profit margin is an example of high prices charged on electricity and thus the ACCC intervenes. Mr. Kerin noted that even with the government regulating the Australian utilities, the prices has continued rising. [3]The proper operation of the power market is ensured by the government through securing of national electric grid. [4] Lane noted that this is the latest governments move. The following graph shows how the electricity bills has changed over time. It can be observed that there has been a rise in electricity bills for the past eight years. The bill has been constantly increasing year after the other. This graph is a representation of Western Australia and it was noted that the percentage change in this graph from 2009 to 2016 is 85 %. [5] This increase in price has also resulted in increased costs for Australian firms. Until 2013, the electricity cost for firms has been rising owing to the hiking prices. The factors argued to be responsible for the rising electricity prices are the environmental costs (carbon emissions) and the network costs. From 2013 to the current period (2017), the graph shows a stable prices for electricity and gas prices. However, the future projections show that the stability will be lost and price will continue rising. The price for gas has not stabilized and its rising. This is raising concern on the ability of the energy sector to supply sufficient quantity at an affordable price. The latest figure of increment in carbon taxes are very high. This increment has resulted in prices for electricity going up as shown in the graph.[6] The tax is meant to lower the emission of carbon gases as a strategy to improve climate risk management. One of the factors that Lane noted to be responsible for the price variations is the privatization of this energy sector. SCOTT MORRISON argued that the areas that require some working for the economy to achieve, energy security, sustainability and affordability are many. Pressure has to be applied on every process of the power system to ensure that a sustainable energy that is more secure and more affordable is achieved. The power companies may be compelled by the ACCC to provide their consumers information. Lane quoted that The ACCC can actually compel power companies to hand over information about consumers. Although this may seem like there is no trust in the prices offered by the retail companies, this is the primary role of the ACCC and thus should not mind of what the company under analysis might think. Supply side theories The suppliers may employ pricing strategies that would be exploiting the consumers simply because the demand is inelastic and sometimes there are factors that limits the quantity supplied by the companies. This is the strategy Lane referred to as price gouging when he asked So you're worried about gouging? It means that the suppliers raise their prices for utility goods when the demand exceeds supply. What led to this questioning it the fact that some companies were noted to have had very great profit margin. Electricity providers are gouging prices on electric bills.[7] This has led to many states fixing some anti-price gouging laws. This determines the maximum percentage that the price for utility goods may be raised in case there is a shortage. Suppliers are expected to observe this and charge no other price above the anti-gouging price. At price P* and quantity Q*, the equilibrium is achieved. During a disaster that causes shortage such as the close of coal plants, supply would be lower than demand and thus suppliers would gouge their price to P1. However, the government fixes price Plaw above P* but below P1. The shortage is created as observed in the graph. The Australian economy is falling into an energy crisis owing to the closure of aging coal plants Port Augusta last year in South Australia and Hazelwood in Victoria on this month;[8] it has pressured the power supply.[9] Harmsen noted that there will be a shortage in the electricity supply in the new summer hot days. He argued that prices are going to spike up. His quote In South Australia, wholesale prices are regularly spiking to the market-allowed maximum of $14,000 per megawatt hour is an indicator that the Australian government has imposed a cap on the electricity prices. This means that even with a supply shortage, the price will never go above the limit. This is similar to the anti-price gouging laws. The supply of power in Australia comes from various sources in additional to electricity; these includes solar, batteries and coal. Coal has offered a significant supply of power for long. However, the policies of the government on reducing the levels of carbon emissions has greatly raised its cost of production. Heavy taxes have been imposed on carbon emitting industries. High cost have negatively impacted the coal producers profit margins forcing some of them out of the market. Exit from the market will result in low supply of power from this sector and thus there will be a shortage in power supply. Demand side and Costs of Production The increase in population and the industrialization of the Australian economy has caused a rise in the demand for electricity. Improvements in technology has also resulted in the development of many equipment that use electricity. The closure of coal plants has left electricity to be the main substitute for power supply. The government is trying to improve the coverage of the area supplied by electricity, this has led to increased costs of transmission. The poles, lines and the labor spent for networking are at high prices in the current period. Firms have to charge higher prices in order to cover this costs without posing risks to their profit margins. Stephanie Smail Quote He blames growing costs for the price increase proves that the production costs are responsible for rising electricity prices The government is planning on transferring ownership of the sole power provider for sole provider. Though there are some arguments that this would help in lowering the electricity prices, this idea is faced with very many critics. The government has a primary role of ensuring maximum social welfare. Thus, when the power company is in its ownership, the prices charged are fair and affordable. The private sector is always interested in maximizing the returns from business operations and are less concerned with the social welfare. Thus there is a possibility that they will charge higher prices. Mr. Mark Mcgowan argued against privatization on the based that utilities sold in Western Australia ends up falling in foreign ownership. He also argued against the private sector maintaining lower electricity prices. The noted that before Alinta Gas and Westrail Freight were sold to private investors, there was a promise that this would help in pushing down the price but this never happened afte r it selling took place.[11] Mcgowan quoted that the experience of privatized utilities is that prices go up which is a clear explanation that there is no way a private supplier of utilities may help push prices down. Recommendations The government should impose anti-price gouging laws on electricity prices; but should also supplement the law by encouraging production of electricity from other resources such as wind and solar. The government should also ensure that tax charged on utilities is very low; electricity has an inelastic demand to price changes and thus higher tax burden are easily transferred to the consumers. The government should also ensure that the production costs for utilities producers are low. Privatization of utilities is not a good idea and thus the government should avoid the thought that privatizing the industry would result in lowering of prices. The government should maintain the full ownership of utilities companies for social welfare to be improved. In addition, it should encourage any innovation that would improve the supply of power. I.e. it should support the solar and wind energy producers Conclusion Compelling the retail companies to provide consumers information would prevent the companies from overcharging them since the ACCC will use the information to discover that. The government should not be worried on wheat the companies think when it summons the ACCC to do an analysis on a company. Furthermore, if a company is applying the right processes, there is nothing to hide. Those not following the competition regulation rule are the ones that are the victims of worry for this may soon be discovered. Anti-price gouging law are important in ensuring that the utilities are affordable even when a shortage persists. Without this law, the supplier would charge the highest price possible by limiting their supply. References Energysmartstrata.com.au. "NSW Electricity Price Rises - Energy Smart Strata". Energy Smart Strata. Accessed 21 April 2017. https://www.energysmartstrata.com.au/fact-sheets/nsw-electricity-price-rises/. Gartrell, Adam. "PM Orders National Review of Electricity Prices". Newcastle Herald, 2017. https://www.theherald.com.au/story/4555510/pm-orders-national-review-of-electricity-prices/?cs=12. Harmsen, Nick. "South Australia's Power Woes Expose Deeper National Problems". ABC News, 2017. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-09/political-leadership-needed-to-secure-future-of-energy-supply/8339116. Lane, Sabra. "Electricity Prices: 'We Have A Plan', Says Treasurer Scott Morrison". Abc.Net.Au, 2017. https://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2016/s4642870.htm. Lane, Sabra. "With Privatized Utilities, Prices Go Up: WA Opposition Leader Mark Mcgowan". Abc.Net.Au, 2017. https://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2016/s4632890.htm. Poweronwa.com.au. "Lower Electricity Prices". Poweronwa.Com.Au, 2017. gutf8t.html.https://www.poweronwa.com.au/benefits/lower-electricity-prices. Preiss, Benjamin, and Adam Morton. "COAG Agrees To Tackle Power Bill Price Gouging, But Not On How". The Sydney Morning Herald, 2016. https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/coag-agrees-to-tackle-power-bill-price-gouging-but-not-on-how-20161214-gtb7yb.html. Morton, Adam. "Wholesale Power Prices Have Doubled Since The Carbon Tax Was Axed". The Sydney Morning Herald, 2017. https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/energy-crisis-wholesale-power-prices-have-doubled-since-the-carbon-tax-was-axed-20170308- Smail, Stephanie. "PM - Huge Hike in Queensland Electricity Prices 31/05/2013". Abc.Net.Au, 2015. https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2013/s3772189.htm. Whiting, Natalie. "SA Utility Watchdog: 'Not Prepared To Waste 4 Years Of My Life' Working Under Labor". Abc.Net.Au, 2017. https://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2014/s4116101.htm. Winter, Caroline. "South Australia's Biggest Electricity Intervention in Two Decades". Abc.Net.Au, 2017. https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2016/s4635947.htm.

Jesse Jaramillo-Camacho Essays (967 words) - Music,

Jesse Jaramillo-Camacho PB #1 Both the article, "The Social Significance of Rap Hip-Hop Culture" by Becky Blanchard, and Fox News commentary on the 2015 Kendrick Lamar BET performance, are on the topic of the effects of rap on black culture. Yet the two texts differ in opinion and analysis, with Fox News being more negative on the subject, and Becky Blanchard expressing a more positive and in-depth analysi s of the subject. "The Social Significance of Rap Hip-Hop Culture" is an analytical essay that uses the history of Hip-Hop to analyze current Hip-Hop and explain its rooted meanings. There are many markers that show us that the genre of this text is an analytical essay. The text is organized in paragraphs typical to an essay. There is an introductory paragraph, many body paragraphs , and a conclusion. The structure of the text tips off part of the genre, an essay. The contents prove that it is an analytical. The following quote shows that there is thorough analysis happening within the text , " While rap's history appears brief its relation to the African oral tradition, which provides rap with much of its current social significance, also roots rap in a long-standing history of oral historians, lyrical fetishism, and political advocacy. " This exemplifies the analysis used to support the central argument. Therefore, we can say with confidence that "The Social Significan ce of Rap Hip-Hop Culture" is an analytical essay aimed to argue in support of Hip-Hop's political statements. The Fox News commentary is a discussion on a news program about Kendrick Lamar's performance on the 2015 BET Awards where he rapped on top of a vandalized police car. On the program there is a panel of Fox News contributors discussing how they feel about the performance. The genre is clear here, people on a televised news program have a discussion, which makes it a News Commentary. The main reporter that leads the discussion calls upon individuals to contribute to the conversation by saying their name in a statement or question that sets up what that individual is going to say. For example, the main contributor states, "Geraldo, not helpful with those song lyrics." Then Geraldo Rivera begins his spiel with "To say the least, not helpful at all." This shows us that there is one discussion leader that is in charge of segueing the discussion with the individual panelists and giving them time for their own opinions. By having a discussion leader, it allows the entire co nversation to be structured, organized, and timely, which is exactly what news programs want to do to fit in all their segments into the runtime. The purpose of the analysis essay, "The Social Significance of Rap Hip-Hop Culture" is to provide historical context for the political statements made in rap and Hip-Hop. The essay's audience is college students who are typically young liberals. We can figure out the intended audience by the site it was published on, Stanford.edu. With the concluding statements, " despite the blame placed on rap for the prominence of violence in American society, hip-hop music is a symptom of cultural violence, not the cause . [] it is necessary to look at it as the product of a set of historical, political, and economic circumstances and to study the role it has served as voice for those subjugated by systematic political and economic oppression. If the issue of violence in rap music is to be effectively addressed, the root of the problem--disparity in resources and opportunities for urban minorities--must be aggressively dealt with. " The author tells us to dig-deeper and analyze before we criticize rap and Hip-Hop for being violent. This plays to the young liberal scholar that may listen to rap and is most likely analytical themselves. The purpose of the Fox News commentary is to portray rap and Hip-Hop as detrimental to the youth. Fox News is a conservative news organization , naturally their audience is typically white conservatives that don't listen to rap or Hip-Hop. To further cast rap music and rappers in a negative light, they show a clip of the performance where Kendrick is on a vandalized cop car and highlight

Cold Water Creek Comprehensive Case

Cold Water Creek Comprehensive Case Strengths Wide market segment One of the greatest strength of Cold Water Creek Inc. is having a wide retail outlet. The company retails its merchandise through merchandise clearance outlet and premium retail stores (Coldwater Creek Inc. 3). In addition, the company is able to reach its customer indirectly through e-commerce, mail, and phones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cold Water Creek Comprehensive Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has continued to grow its retail outlet in order to catalyze growth. In 2010 for instance, the company had 373 premium retail stores after opening an extra 19 of them (Coldwater Creek Inc. 16). Company anticipated that with good economic times it would continue to grow its businesses. Strong Brand Name The company enjoys a popular brand image because of operating in a wide segment of the market. Customers are loyal to the brand because they can get information about t he brand and are involved in the design of the product. In addition, after sales services like accepting return of sale regardless of where customer bought a product is effective in establishing brand loyalty (Coldwater Creek Inc. 3). Employees’ loyalty The company enjoys a wide range of employee with full-time employee running to 2,832 and employs on short-term basis during the peak seasons. No employees are covered under the collective bargain agreements, which is an indication of trust in the company. That means they have confidence with the employer (Coldwater Creek Inc. 6). The company is also proud to have loyal executive team serving it. Weakness Operating at a loss The company greatest weakness is making business losses because this is limiting the effectiveness of its growth strategy. It is making the company fail to expand its retail outlets because of concurrent losses. For instance, the company anticipated that in 2011 it would close about eight or twelve of its s tores due to losses (Coldwater Creek Inc. 16). It also intended to limit its opening of new ones to five stores due to decreased profitability. In addition, making profits in the year among other factors like availability of space in good location, were anticipated to determine whether the new ones would be opened. Inflexibility in business The company has some two stockholders who have huge control of its capital and as a result may control major decisions to invest. This may adversely affect its business and profitability. On the other hand, provision in their charter document hinders any merger or acquisition strategy even when such a move would be beneficial to the company (Coldwater Creek Inc. 15).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities Seasonality of Demand In the women apparel business, demand keeps on fluctuating on depending with seasons. In holiday s such as Valentine, Easter, thanksgiving, Mother’s day and Christmas for instance shift the demand frequently (Coldwater Creek Inc. 6). Therefore, with careful financial planning, company can be able to increase its sales during these seasons. They can also be able to provide merchandise that meets customers’ needs to be able to be profitable. Product differentiation The Spa concept provides an excellent option for the company to engage in product differentiation. Their core business is in women apparel, jewelry, accessories, and gifts (Coldwater Creek Inc. 3). Their day spas provide a new way of differentiating the company’s products by bringing a new line of business. Currently the company lacks ways of expanding this line (Coldwater Creek Inc. 4). Threats Changing customer preferences One of the greatest threats to the company is the changing trends in customer’s preferences that go with seasonality and their location in space. In addition, the compan y does not have powers to respond quickly to these changes because it depends on outsourcing of apparel, done some time before the production begins. Economic recessions Global economic trend influence customers’ purchasing powers and company has little control over it. Purchasing powers are affected by increased unemployment rate, lack of credit, and higher oil and food prices among other factors. Continued fall in demand influences the company profitability and operation (Coldwater Creek Inc. 9). Competition The company faces stiff competition in the women apparel business from other retail businesses such as Chico’s, Christopher banks, Talbots and Ann Taylor. They also get competition fro m other small business that operate e-commerce business in their merchandise as well as other small retailers companies (Coldwater Creek Inc. 6). Value Drivers in the Company Strong Market Share Cold Water Creek Inc. targets to improve its productivity and profitability by embraci ng an expansion strategy. The company operated 373 premium retails at the beginning of the 2011 fiscal year, after beginning just like a catalog business in 1984. The strategy is associated with an increase in the net sale for 2009 from that of 2008. That is $31.1 million rise in the net sales. This is increase in the net sales is related to an increase of eight premium retail stores as well as an addition of merchandise outlet by two in the same year. Merchandise outlet registered in the same period an increase of $6.7 million increase in net sales (Coldwater Creek Inc. 29).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cold Water Creek Comprehensive Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Market defensibility Apart from expanding their business, Cold Water Creek Inc. also invest on improving its catalog to ensure that they have the latest changes in the customer preferences. To improve the company’s profitability database has been built on the changing trends, which reveals what the customer needs. Customers for instance, are sensitive to color depending with the season, bold prints that traditionally appeared in the apparel, and finally management consider product diversification important to customer (Coldwater Creek Inc. 24). Loyal Employees The company considers retention and attraction of new employee important because it offers an opportunity to improve the products. The company has hired new top management official and promoted several others as a strategy to ensure that their product assortment continues to be develop in a way that meets the customers changing needs. For instance, Jerome Jessup promotion to the chief Executive and the President has been helpful to the company to bring new talents (Coldwater Creek Inc. 24). Conclusion Cold Water Creek Inc. has been selling a variety of women products to age group of 35 years and above since 1984. Due to the changing trends in business, the com pany employs multiple strategies to retain customers and register profitability. These include expansion of their business operations, maintaining and attracting a talented workforce and employing efficient marketing strategies to reach out the customers. However, in the recent period it has registered substantial financial losses due to changing customer demand resulting from economic hardships and changes in tastes. Unpredictable economic trends in the future also threaten their choice of value addition strategies, because the company must cut its operation cost for profitability. Cutting cost is an important tool in any organization for profit maximization. Moreover, due to the seasonality in demand, coupled with decreasing customers’ purchasing powers, the future is difficult to predict. Coldwater Creek Inc. 10-K Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15 (d). Thomson Reuters, 3 Mar. 2011: 1-110.

Italian Reflexive Verbs - I Verbi Riflessivi

Italian Reflexive Verbs - I Verbi Riflessivi What is an Italian reflexive verb (verbo riflessivo)? This can often be a strange topic because, in English, verbs arent often thought of as being reflexive, however, in Italian, a reflexive verb is one when the action carried out by the subject is performed on the same subject. So for example, â€Å"I wash myself† or â€Å"I sit myself in the chair†. The subject, â€Å"I†, am doing the washing and the sitting. It’s important to know that not all verbs are reflexive, but there are plenty out there and each must be memorized. What Does a Reflexive Verb Look Like? In order to make an Italian verb reflexive, drop the -e of its infinitive ending and add the pronoun si. For example, pettinare (to comb) becomes pettinarsi (to comb oneself) in the reflexive. Si is an additional pronoun, known as the reflexive pronoun, which is needed when conjugating reflexive verbs. Note that some reflexive verbs can be used without the reflexive pronouns. In this case, their meaning changes: - Alzarsi to wake up/to get up Tu ti alzi. (You get up.) Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.) How Do You Conjugate Reflexive Verbs? Here are some tables of verbs in the present tense so you can get an idea of how reflexive verbs are conjugated. Innamorarsi - To fall in love Mi innamoro - I fall in love Ci innamoriamo - We fall in love Ti innamori - You fall in love Vi innamorate - You (all) fall in love Si innamora - He/she falls in love Si innamorano - They fall in love Sedersi - To sit oneself/To take a seat Mi siedo - I sit (myself) Ci sediamo - We sit (ourselves) Ti siedi - You sit (yourself) Vi sedete - You (all) sit (yourselves) Si siede - He/she sits (him/herself) Si siedono - They sit (themselves) Divertirsi - To enjoy oneself/to have fun Mi diverto - I have fun Ci divertiamo - We have fun Ti diverti - You have fun Vi divertite - You (all) have fun Si diverte - He/she has fun Si divertono - They have fun What About With the Past Tense? When you conjugate reflexive verbs in the past tense, you must use â€Å"essere† as your auxiliary verb. Here’s an example using the verb â€Å"svegliarsi - to wake up†. Svegliarsi - To wake up Mi sono svegliato/a - I woke up Ci siamo svegliati/e - We woke up Ti sei svegliato/a - You woke up Vi siete svegliati/e - You all woke up Si svegliato/a - He/she woke up Si sono svegliati/e - They woke up Notice how the last letter of â€Å"svegliato† changes. That’s because the ending must agree in gender and number with the subject. A List of Common Reflexive Verbs in Italian accorgersi (di) to notice addormentarsi to fall asleep to get up arrabbiarsi to get angry chiamarsi to be named to cover oneself divertirsi to have fun, to enjoy oneself farsi il bagno to bathe oneself farsi la doccia to take a shower farsi male to get hurt, hurt oneself innamorarsi (di) to fall in love with lavarsi to wash oneself laurearsi to graduate mettersi to put (clothing) on pettinarsi to comb ones hair radersi to shave sedersi to sit down sentirsi to feel to undress sposarsi (con) to get married svegliarsi to wake up vestirsi to get dressed Esempi Le ragazze si sono sedute. - The girls are sitting down.Sto cercando un posto dove sedermi un attimo. - I’m looking for a spot where I can sit for a while.Ci siamo innamorati due anni fa e ci siamo sposati un anno fa. - We fell in love two years and we got married one year ago.Mi sono svegliato/a alle 7. - I woke up at 7.Marco fa sempre molta fatica a svegliarsi la mattina. - Marco always has to struggle to wake up in the morning.Chiara impiega tantissimo tempo a vestirsi! - Chiara takes a very long time to get dressed!Tutti a lavarsi le mani prima di pranzo! - Everybody wash your hands before lunch!Mykonos à ¨ un posto ideale per divertirsi. - Mykonos is the perfect destination to have fun.Mio padre mi ha insegnato a radermi. - My dad taught me how to shave.Per avere una bella pella bisogna sempre struccarsi prima di andare a letto. - In order to maintain a good skin you always have to take your makeup off before going to bed.Mi sono laureata un anno fa. - I graduated one ye ar ago.Ho proprio bisogno di farmi un bagno! - I really need to take a hot bath! Copriti bene che fuori fa freddo! - Cover yourself up because it’s cold outside!Non ho capito come ha fatto a farsi male. - I didn’t understand how he managed to hurt himself.

Serum Markers for Septicemia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Serum Markers for Septicemia - Research Paper Example It is clear that a single biomarker which is ideal though has not been identified but a series specific studies on individual pathogen mediated sepsis has been studied extensively,. Challenges that are faced during biomarker research lied in the lack of uniform protocol and methodology , standardization of the assays and the detection levels to be fixed age wise from population to population. The reliable detection of Biomarkers can be useful to have a immense diagnostic and prognostic relevance in relation to the management of sepsis. Sepsis is considered as the most important cause of morbidity and mortality. By sepsis we mean infection of the blood and if it is caused by bacteria we term it as bacteremia and if by virus it is termed viremia. As such the infection in the blood is not so dangerous but as blood perfuses the important tissues and organs infections can be carried by blood to the kidneys or lungs which can result in the end organ failures of a patient leading to death i n severe conditions. The main issue is that sepsis often lacks clinical manifestations so if the specific and the sensitive indicators of the infections are collected and analyzed then it will create superior out comes in the management of the disease. Immunologically it can be considered as the dysregulation of the response of the innate immune system. Biomarkers are hence important to signal the presence and severity of sepsis in early conditions for effective prognostic values and importance.(Chiesa,1998)(De Bont,1994)(Manroe,1979)(Squire,1979). It is very important to note that sepsis is not a true disease and just a physiological manifestation of the systemic immune response in innate immunity majority of the studies define sepsis to be a systemic inflammatory response to a bacteria, virus or fungi. In clinical setting several other physiological symtoms must be presented to properly diagnose sepsis. The common treatments of patients suspected with sepsis aims to eradicate the bacteria in the blood or reduce its growth by using broad spectrum antimicrobials. The gold standard of sepsis diagnosis has been traditionally the use of microbial cultures to identify the source of illness. The major limitation of using cultures in the length of the time required to develop cultures to identifiable quantities to detect sepsis and the possible icrobes to start the treatment with antimicrobials and this with Bactek culture takes around 48 hours and hence there is a need of early detection through the detection of serum biomarkers which thus becomes important. Even the cultures might be insensitive under several conditions including the slow growing and non cultivatable organisms present at very low concentrations . So in the light of this problem alternative diagnostic methods using molecular biology tool kits have been developed to address the situation for rapid and automated detection of sepsis. These tests are basically the ELISA tests, flow cytometric detection of the specific marker antigens,immunocolorimetric tests ,FISH methodologies and PCR and amplified PCR techniques and the main ideology was to detect the marker proteins. In parallel to the development of biomarkers which provides a faster and more sensitive diagnostic methods for infectious microbes thus relies on the monitoring of the changes in specific serum protein biomarker concentrations. Biomarker is best defined as a factor or feature that can

UNIT 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 6 - Essay Example Peterson had a right of being informed of the plans to transfer his employment contract and the ownership of the station in advance. Peterson had a right to resign if he did not intend to extend his contract to Evening news but he will not have any right to claim for redundancy or unfair dismissal pay. If the working conditions in the new employer are worse, Peterson has a right to resign and claim for unfair dismissal pay. Peterson has a right to disagree with the transfer of his employment contract to a new employer. This is when the new employer wants to change the term of the contract, which had been agreed by Peterson and the previous employer. If the employers want to change the terms of contract for the benefit of Peterson, it will be allowed. If the new employer wants to dismiss or make any redundancy for technical or an economic reason, Peterson has a right to redundancy payment. The employer should not select Peterson for redundancy because he transferred from another compa ny. (Beatty & Samuelson, 2007) Peterson has a right to enforce the contract between Post-Network and evening News because he was not considered in the transfer of the Station to Evening News yet he had signed a binding agreement with Post-Network as an employer for three years. It is not ethical for Evening News to prevent Peterson from changing job to work for the competing station because Peterson had informed them early of his plan to resign. In addition, Peterson had not entered into any contract with Evening News, as the contract was not changed during the transfer of the station. The previous employer of the transfer did not inform Peterson. Post-Network had a right to transfer the station but should have informed Peterson through a letter in advance that the station is transferred such that Peterson can decide whether to work for the new employer or not. Collateral contract is whereby parties to a contract enter in to more than two

Looking for Alibrandi Essay Example for Free

Looking for Alibrandi Essay A world-wide hit in the late 1990s, Author Melina Marchetta wrote a manuscript about a teenage girl searching for herself and the way she is to live. Her name is Josephine Alibrandi who is a 17 year old Italian Australian or ‘wog’ as some know it, in the novel and film of ‘Looking for Alibrandi’. Much of the discussion of Alibrandi has centred around this portrayal of the multi-cultural society of Australia, although remarkably, the novel has managed to largely avoid the negative and superficial issues pigeon-holing so much realist fiction for young adults is victim to. There is no question that Marchettas own experiences as an Italian-Australian have informed her story. Nor is there any doubt that in Josephine Alibrandi she has created a fresh non-Anglo-Australian voice of great power and integrity. Nevertheless, Marchetta does find that the focus on the Italian heritage of her protagonist (and herself) can be both distracting and limiting; it was not, she says, her first impulse in telling Josephine Alibrandis story; Another legacy of the shared Italian-Australian heritage of both author and protagonist is the common assumption that the book must be autobiographical. The reading of her novel is in some ways complimentary, being as it is an indication of the kind of response readers have to Josephine, and to the lively and truthful tone of the novel; Marchetta has captured her characters, their situation and the inner city suburbs of Sydney acutely and precisely. The ambivalence Marchetta feels towards Josephine is revealed through the characters of Sister Louise, her headmistress, and her boyfriend Jacob, neither of whom hesitate to point out to Josephine when she is being selfish, over-dramatic, or plain stupid. A quite shocking example of this is in the scene where Jacob rescues Josephine from a violent mob of teenage boys in a McDonalds car park, and then abuses her for her stupidity in spitting on and further antagonising the ring-leader. It is an indication of the exasperation that Josephine provokes in those who care about her, and Marchetta agrees with Jacob that Josephines dramatic and impulsive behaviour too frequently land her in avoidable unpleasantness. To be fair, Josephine can be fairly hard on herself, and her ability at and willingness for self-scrutiny develops as she matures. It is testament to Marchettas care in balancing the complexities of Josephines character that the reader can witness her tantrums and drama-queen turns, her often thoughtless and selfish actions, and yet know that this is an essential part of her emancipation, and that it does not detract from her vitality, compassion and intelligence. Young Australian readers will find the setting of the novel very realistic and familiar. They will identify with the portrayal of Australian high school life, attending a debating meeting, the description of suburban Sydney and catching the ferry to Circular Quay, the fact of being part of a dysfunctional family ? all these details of the setting are realistic and will be instantly recognisable. Many teenagers of foreign parentage will relate to Josie’s rebellion against her Italian side and to all the references to the Italian culture.

Essay --

Set in the ever changing world of the Industrial Revolution, Charles Dickens’ novel  Hard Times  begins with a description of a utilitarian paradise, a world that follows a prescribed set of logically laid-out facts, created by the illustrious and "eminently practical" Mr. Gradgrind. However, one soon realizes that Gradgrind's utopia is only a simulacrum, belied by the devastation of lives devoid of elements that "feed the heart and soul," as well as the mind. As the years fly by, the weaknesses of Gradgrind's carefully constructed system become painfully apparent, especially in the lives of his children Louisa and Tom, as well as in the poor workers employed by one Mr. Josiah Bounderby, a wealthy factory owner and a subscriber to Gradgrind's system. Dickens, through the shattering of Gradgrind's utilitarian world, tells us that no methods, not even constant oppression and abuse, can defeat and overcome two basic needs of humans, our fundamental needs for emotion and imagi nation. Louisa, Mr. Gradgrind's favorite child, the paragon of his factual regime, leads a broken and embittered life which ends in a showdown between the ideologies of facts and fancy. She is a prime example of a child "filled to the brim" with knowledge by her father's strictly scientific education. Confused by her coldhearted upbringing, Louisa feels disconnected from her emotions and alienated from others, yet she yearns to experience more than the hard scientific facts she has absorbed all her life. While she vaguely recognizes that her father’s system of education has deprived her childhood of all joy, she cannot avoid being coldly rational and emotionally blunted, unable to actively invoke her emotions. She would have been a curious, passionate person who ... ...olution; he believed in internal parity and the growth of the mind and the spirit. He demonstrated that the system that "grinds down," but never building up, will ultimately result in chaos and woe for all those subjected to it. Through Hard Times, Dickens argues that all humans have an unconquerable need for imagination, emotion, and love. He tells us that this need cannot be altered or thwarted by any method of education or economic oppression, no matter how strict and abusive it might be. Hard Times illustrates Dickens' belief that it does not matter whether one is born in a nurturing or an abusive and neglectful surroundings. What matters is how an individual's true nature responds, changes, asserts itself and molds his or her environment. In the end, whether one remains thwarted or strives to fulfill and complete their lives determines who each person becomes.

A feminist or misogynistic Essay

In the play Medea, Euripides recognises the lack of gender equality of his time and comments on the patrichial nature of ancient Greek society. A feminist theme resonates in the play and has been developed through the characterisation of Medea and Jason. Medea, the female protagonist, is portrayed as powerful figure. Medea is spurned and aggrieved by a man but instead of accepting the situation submissively as she would have been expected to do, she asserts her own power. Furthermore, when King Creon decides to banish her, she doesn’t hesitate to argue persuasively on her own behalf despite his position of power. She naturally assumes that she has the right to speak as a man might do. Medea recognizes the oppression of women in her society when she declares â€Å"we women are the sorriest lot: first we must at great expenditure of money but a husband and even take on a master of our body†. However, Medea herself denounces women by admitting that they were born ‘useless for honest purposes’ suggesting that woman’s skills lie solely in the ability to exert their will by deceit and manipulation. Her deceptive nature is evident in the nature of the murder of Glauce by giving gifts laced with poison. Medea argues that although women have a deserved reputation for treachery, they only do so as the patriarchal society to which they belong deprives them of any other avenues of power. Yet Medea’s response to masculine exploitation surpasses any reasonable measures by her horrific murder of her children. The audience is positioned to be shocked and unsympathetic towards her actions. Medea’s actions are portrayed as hers alone not indicative of the natural behavior of women and Euripides acknowledges that the social injustice experienced by Medea cannot absolve her personal accountability for her actions. In the play through his characterisation of Jason, Euripides mocks the men’s supposed entitlement to authority and supremacy over women. Jason, the key male figure, from the onset of the play reveals himself to the audience to be a weak character, at odds with his reputation as a hero. His abandonment of his obedient wife, Medea, his greed-driven re-marriage and his inability to admit his own culpability in the drama that ensued, portrays him to the audience as vapid, vacuous man whose actions are fuelled almost entirely by self-interest. His constant emasculation of Jason by his depiction as a weak and flawed character makes him appear unsympathetic to the audience. Medea is a strong-willed and powerful individual whose personality traits would be stereotypically attributed to a male character whilst Jason’s self-obsessed and treacherous ways would more often be linked to a female character. Through the depiction of Medea and Jason, Euripides makes the conjecture their characters are both highly flawed and so they should be condemned for their deeds rather than for the gender.

Do you agree with this interpretation of Dunkirk?

This painting is a representation of the evacuation of Dunkirk. It shows the losses of ships, the troops living upon the beaches, and how the water was too shallow for the boats, so little boats had to go to the shore. A man made harbour that was made by the Royal Engineers is also shown in the picture. Also there was the big cloud of smoke from the blown oil refinery, the cover above from the spitfires and hurricane's shotting down the german air force(luftwaffe), the shells exploding randomly on the beaches that were being launched by the Germans from out side the town of Dunkirk. The knowlage that i have to back up the evedence from the paint in souce A is that we know from the video of war walks with Richard Holmes, that the big cloud off smoke is true, also the Video also mentions the shallow seas. There is not many inaccuries in this painting ecxept the fact of the British and French troops round the city fighting off the Germans that were trying to get to the beaches. I think this picture, although showing many of the facets of the evacuation, is not strictly accurate. For example the men wouldn't be lining up in straight lines.Even so I think this is a fair interpretation of the evacuation of Dunkirk.

Native American Abuse essays

Native American Abuse essays Imagine your country had been invaded by a very powerful group of people. Before anything drastic could be done these people had invaded your shores and had creeping inward upon your land. At first they acted with scorn and called us names and disrespect. After several groups of our people revolted against these invaders they decided to negotiate certain terms with us. Then after thinking all was well many of these agreements were broken and they started to ship us like freight to areas where they could hold a lot of our kind while they abuse and take over our country/land. We tried to fight back but it was useless, we were at their strong armys demise. It is sad that such atrocities were done to perform an act of genocide on our people. Though you might assume this is an excerpt from a Jew during the holocaust those oppressed are Native Americans and the cruel invaders are none other than the U.S. Government and Army. While many revere (including ourselves) the United States as a world superpower and a role model to other countries is it so quickly forgotten of our own Holocaust? (Actually there are two; one killing 40 to 60,000,000 Africans, and one killing 100,000,000 Native Red Peoples). Hitler himself often expressed his admiration for the expediency in which the American Christians removed the Native Americans and gave them mass graves like the one in Wounded Knee, South Dakota. If this is so how can we even bare to criticize and severely punish those who follow in Hitlers example and ways if us ourselves still havent fully paid the dues to the extent of our crimes? The treatment of Native Americans in the U.S. is on of the most forgotten atrocities in our history. Calling ourselves Americans is basically a l ie since we are not Natives to this land. Some even try to justify these actions on Natives by pointing out that the Native Americans had attacked and raided on A ...

How to Manage Studying and Sports

How to Manage Studying and Sports If you are a college athlete, no matter which sport you participate in you will face one common hurdle balancing training commitments with your studies. If you are a scholarship student then learning how to manage studying and sports is even more important since you are likely to have a minimum grade you are required to maintain in order to keep your scholarship! Even if you are not on a team, and just like to participate in sports or fitness on a casual basis, it can also be tough to find the right balance. That’s why we have put together this collection of helpful tips and techniques to help you learn how to manage studying and sports. Study Tips for Athletes These handy hints are going to help athletes learn how to manage studying and sports so that they can maintain good grades while still performing well in their chosen sporting activity. Get a Planner Stay Organized One of the best tips we can offer when it comes to learning how to manage studying and sports is to get a planner and learn to stay organized. You will be issued with a list of practice sessions and games or tournaments early on in the season. Mark all of these into your planner straight away. Add in study commitments such as homework assignments and exams as you are given the details. You will be able to see immediately if there is a clash. If you notice that an important assignment is due the day after a big game, then that is your cue to get started early. Finish the assignment before the game and you will have one less thing to stress over! Learn How to Manage Your Time Effectively Following on from making use of a planner is managing your time more effectively. You already know school hours, game times and practice times, so those are automatically blocked off already. Marking this in your calendar or planner helps you to see how much time you actually have for studying and other leisure activities allowing you to plan more effectively. Make Good Use of Travel Time As an athlete, it is likely that you will have to travel to away games and tournaments. It could be just one town over, or it could be out of state. Make the most of this time by using it to study. Pack some revision notes or textbooks to catch up on your reading on the bus! If you are going to be staying away overnight then bring some homework to do at your hotel. It is easy to see these trips as downtime or vacation, but if you gather a group of like minded teammates together who also want to study, then it is a great opportunity to stay on top of your school work. Ask About Supported Study Programs Sports teams want their athletes to do well academically. Many of them will have study support available in the form of tutors or study groups for any athlete struggling to balance study and sport. Ask if there is any help available to you and make use of it. That is why these programs are in place, so don’t be afraid to use them! Don’t Treat Sport Like Work Playing sports has an overall benefit to your mental, physical and emotional health. It gives you a healthy outlet for the pressures of studying as you get to do something you love. However, if you begin to see sport as a chore rather than a fun activity it stops serving those purposes. Never lose sight of the fact that your studies are the real work here and sport is your outlet. If you keep that in mind you may just find that they both help each other! General Tips for Managing Studying Sports These are more general tips for learning how to manage studying and sports. They can be used by athletes, but are also great for the the casual sports enthusiast just trying to find the right balance. Listen to Audio Books or Lectures at the Gym or Out Jogging If you are hitting the gym for a couple of hours, or maybe heading out for a run on the track you probably listen to music. Why not switch it up and use that time to listen to audiobook versions of your set texts or recordings of lecture notes? It’s a great way to catch up on reading and you will be surprised at how much sinks in! Workout At Your Desk You can actually fit in a workout while sitting at your desk! Chair squats are a great way to work all of the major muscle groups in your lower body! While working on your paper, stand at your desk with your feet flat on the floor. Keep your back straight and press down with your heels, squatting until your butt is an inch above the chair. Hold for 10 seconds then sit back down. Repeat this around 20 times at regular intervals. Not only will you work your muscles, but you are also elevating your heart rate and engaging your core. Set Realistic Goals Studying at college is stressful as it is without spreading yourself too thinly. It is great to want to incorporate sport into your daily routine, but be realistic. Can you really commit to a 6am run every single day or a workout session at the gym every evening? The answer is probably not! Schedule in time for your sporting activities just like you would study sessions. Think about the time available to you and use it wisely. If sport becomes a chore you will start to fall out of love with it , so stick to once or twice a week. In conclusion, there are a variety of techniques that can be utilized in order to manage studying and sports. Regardless of whether you are an athlete trying to meet your scholarship requirements, or just a sports enthusiast looking to balance fitness and study, these tips are a great place to start. Choose the ones that are going to work for you and adapt others to meet your individual needs. Maybe reading this list will even inspire you to come up with your own techniques for how to manage studying and sports?

Management Theory And Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management Theory And Practice - Essay Example Management is the dynamic, life-giving element in every business. Without it the resources of production remain resources and never become production." (Sharma, 2004 11) This definition emphasizes that the managers achieve organizational objectives getting things done through the employees. Human resource Management is very essential for successful running of an enterprise. It ensures proper use of physical and human resources by deriving the best results. It leads to efficient performance and higher productivity. Human Resource Management is very essential for every organization to make productive use of human physical and financial resources or the achievement of the organizational goals. It helps in determination of objectives. No organization can succeed in tits mission unless its objectives an identified and well denied. Management helps in achieving these objectives by the efficient use of resources. "Planning is the selection and relating of facts and making and using of assumptions regarding the future in the visualization and formalization of proposed activities believed necessary to achieve desired results" (Sharma, 2004 26). Planning is straightforward, and the process of planning can be summarized in five steps, which can be adapted to suit any planning activity at any level in the organization with the support of highly skilled individuals. (Yvonne 28) Assess... Policies, procedures and rules are often referred to as standing plans; they are automatically activated when certain events occur. The Planning Process Planning is straightforward, and the process of planning can be summarized in five steps, which can be adapted to suit any planning activity at any level in the organization with the support of highly skilled individuals. (Yvonne 28) Step 1 Establish a goal, or a number of goals. Planning begins with defining what the organization wants to achieve. Being as specific as possible, and establishing priorities will assist the organization in focusing its efforts. Step 2 Assess the present situation and forecast the future situation. The current situation needs to be assessed and analyzed before future activity can be investigated. Questions such as 'How far is the organization away from its goals 'And 'What resources does it have to reach the goals' need to be addressed. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis needs to be undertaken. This involves identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the organization and determining the opportunities available to the organization and the threats it faces Step 3 Develop and evaluate alternatives. After auditing the resources of the organization and making forecasts, it is likely that there will be several courses of action, which could accomplish the organization's goals. These must be carefully evaluated. Step 4 Implement the plan. Once the choice has been made from the various alternatives, the plan can be drawn up and implemented. However, planning alone is not a guarantee of success. Success depends on the effective implementation of the plan, and involves management skills in organizing, staffing, leading and

Curriculum Alignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Curriculum Alignment - Essay Example Having established this important link of curriculum design with the people which it is aimed at, it is apt now that the question of how be answered and for this purpose the curriculum needs to be divided into several layers or several modes depending on whom it is directed towards. Instructional level learning is related to giving out a set of instructions so that they are followed and this teaches children to follow simple instructions which obviously leads to a life long journey of understanding and acting when told what to do and be able to prioritize when faced with multiple tasks, priority levels should be taught by instilling in students the importance of realizing how important time really is and what needs to be done quickly because of the importance of the task that is at hand. A good example for this type of study would be to make students indulge in activities such as treasure hunting where clear cut clues could be given to them and they should be asked to follow a set of instructions, these games or activities should be conducted regularly so as to makes students realize that it is going to be a part of the whole process and also it is very important that these activities should be entertaining for the students because to make students follow a set of instructions it is important that the students do not find it limiting to say the least. Students who fail to perform on the larger scale of a treasure hunt should be worked upon in the class room where they might be given simpler tasks with a clear cut instruction set. Developmental Levels The most challenging tasks of all is to mould a childs brain, when the word mould is used it is used in the sense that the process of development starts from a very early level and to develop a proper personality there should be courses or programs instilled in the curriculum so as to start the process of molding and hence lay seeds to a personality of tomorrow. Having laid the foundation of the importance of development programs the next question is, as always, how. The answer to this query lays in the theory that the difference between right and wrong should be taught from the very beginning because this is what brings morality into any character and moralities is the basis of character development or any other sort of development because with out morality there can be no right or wrong. The sense of what is right and what is wrong can be instilled in people this early in life by using stories where there is a clear cut line that shows what is evil and what is good and glorifies wh at is good to such an extent that it becomes a character trait of the people that undertake this program. For example a story could be told to children every day where the difference between right and wrong is clearly marked and to emphasize on this a short movie could be arranged for the children once or twice a week so that they would find it amusing and would also learn using their perceptory sensation because that would leave a deep mark in the memory and would go a long way in contributing to the development of children. Disability To cope with disability there should

Exploring the strength of social media in marketing strategy Essay

Exploring the strength of social media in marketing strategy - Essay Example Social media has gained support from a business marketer known as Radian6. Radian6 has enabled many organizations to turn into Socially Engaged Enterprises containing the ability to understand and obtain useful information about social media through measurement, sentiment, metrics, and analytics reporting (Safko 31-33). It is also through social media listening, monitoring, tracking and engagement tools that motivate many organizations adopt social media strategy. In addition, Radian6 advices on how to utilize social media guidelines, case studies, the best practices, and educating the staff thus enhancing easy understanding of the impact that both the Social CRM and Social Graph have on their business. Social Media Marketing has paved way for developing buzz and visibility for brands, services, companies, and products. Through consulting solutions, it has provided many companies with extensive connectivity within its target audience; which is an effective way of developing conversations and interacting with consumers. Marketers obtain the skills of identifying important metrics (Evans 67). Furthermore, they are in position to determine measures of social media in their firms in turn having the ability of providing the return measurement for the plans before and after implementation. Social media also provides extensive visibility, increasing sales significantly and reducing costs involved with traditional lead generation systems, email marketing campaign and cold calling. They face many limitations such as difficulty in identifying the best practices, determining the effectiveness of their campaigns, having no idea of where to start, and working under full time resources. Social media addresses all these challenges with the aim of improving their business. Social brand conversation provides solutions that allow customers to engage in end-users for better networking, collaboration, well lead generation, loyalty building, thought

Impact of Direct Tax on Consumer Equilibrium

Impact of Direct Tax on Consumer Equilibrium OBJECTIVE This term paper is being done in order to check and determine the effect of various factors of the direct tax that have an impact on the consumer equilibrium. The main objective of this term paper is as under: To determine what is direct tax and consumer equilibrium Analysis of articles Impact of direct tax and other factors on consumer equilibrium. INTRODUCTION In introduction , we will start with the basic like- what is direct tax and what is consumer equilibrium. We will discuss these two in a elaborated manner. DIRECT TAX CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM DIRECT TAX The term direct tax generally means a tax paid directly to the government by the persons on whom it is imposed.In the general sense, a direct tax is one paid directly to the government by the persons. on whom it is imposed (often accompanied by a tax return filed by the taxpayer). Examples include some income taxes, some corporate taxes, and transfer taxes such as estate (inheritance) tax and gift tax. In this sense, a direct tax is contrasted with an indirect tax or collected tax (such as sales tax or value added tax (VAT)); a collected tax is one which is collected by intermediaries who turn over the proceeds to the government and file the related tax return. Some commentators have argued that a direct tax is one that cannot be shifted by the taxpayer to someone else, whereas an indirect tax can be. The direct tax definition is not complete until we do not define or throw some light on indirect tax, thus- INDIRECT TAX A tax that is not assessed on and collected from those who are intended to bear it. Unlike a direct tax , it cannot take individual circumstances into account. Although levied on Producers , the burden of an indirect tax may be shift to consumers. Ex: value added tax, sales tax, payroll tax and excise duties CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM When consumers make choices about the quantity of goods and services to consume, it is presumed that their objective is toÂÂ  maximize total utility.ÂÂ  In maximizing total utility, the consumer faces a number ofÂÂ  constraints, the most important of which are the consumersÂÂ  incomeÂÂ  and theÂÂ  pricesÂÂ  of the goods and services that the consumer wishes to consume. The consumers effort to maximize total utility, subject to these constraints, is referred to as theÂÂ  consumers problem.ÂÂ  The solution to the consumers problem, which entails decisions about how much the consumer will consume of a number of goods and services, is referred to asÂÂ  consumer equilibrium. Determination of consumer equilibrium.ÂÂ  Consider the simple case of a consumer who cares about consuming only two goods: good 1 and good 2. This consumer knows the prices of goods 1 and 2 and has a fixed income or budget that can be used to purchase quantities of goods 1 and 2. The consumer will purchase quantities of goods 1 and 2 so as to completely exhaust the budget for such purchases. The actual quantities purchased of each good are determined by the condition for consumer equilibrium, which isÂÂ   This condition states that the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 1 must equal the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 2. If, for example, the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 1 were higher than the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 2, then it would make sense for the consumer to purchase more of good 1 rather than purchasing any more of good 2. After purchasing more and more of good 1, the marginal utility of good 1 will eventually fall due to the law of diminishing marginal utility, so that the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 1 will eventually equal that of good 2. Of course, the amount purchased of goods 1 and 2 cannot be limitless and will depend not only on the marginal utilities per dollar spent, but also on the consumers budget. LITERATURE REVIEW Hegde, Prakash and Barve, Nachiket, June 27,2010, Impact of direct tax code on individual, BUISNESS LINE says that Though most of the existing provisions of the income-tax law are finding place in the DTC, many provisions are new or modified that will affect the individuals significantly.The prominent ones are like DTC proposed significant reduction in individual income-tax by increasing tax slabs 30 per cent tax rate at an income level of Rs 25 lakh (present Rs 8 lakh).If proposed tax slabs and rates are implemented, then taxpayers take-home pay may see a substantial jump. However, in view of relaxation or rollbacks of other tax proposals, one has to wait and watch whether Government still intends to offer the proposed tax slabs and rates. EEE preferred over EET, EET results in higher tax at retirement in contrast to ability to pay. Recognising the fact of absence of a well developed social security system and other challenges (technical / administrative) Government thought it fit to retain EEE and partial EET. One of the strange provisions in DTC, which had not caught public attention but can affect a common man travelling abroad, is furnishing an undertaking to the tax officer to the effect that he has made satisfactory arrangement for discharging his tax liability in India before he leaves India. The tax officer has to issue a no-objection certificate for his travel. If travel is made without a no-objection certificate from the tax office, the owner or charterer of the aircraft will be held responsible to pay the taxes due, if any.This process would have been more of a hurdle than a smooth ride. Gillingham, Robert and Greenlees, John S, 4 August 1987, The Impact of Direct Taxes on the Cost of Living says in the article that, a cost-of-living index including direct taxes. They show its relationship to the traditional index and demonstrate how non consumption costs are properly treated. They then define a fixed-weight approximation, a tax and price index (TPI). Using federal, state, local, and social security tax rates for 1967- 85, the authors construct annual TPI series based on household data. They find that inclusion of direct taxes has sizable impacts on the estimated rate of inflation. Partitioning their household sample, they find that recognition of taxes significantly alters inflation rate differentials estimated using consumption prices alone. Subramani, V.K, 29, August 2010, Expectation from code revision, according to the author, There is a huge expectation that the revised Code would address the concerns of the taxpayers at large, by retaining the existing tax concessions and providing smooth transition, with minimal scope for confusion or litigation. There is Positives, negatives traits of the code. There are some positives in the first draft of the DTC, such as: (i) minimum rate of personal tax at 10 per cent for incomes up to Rs 10 lakh;(ii) deduction in respect of savings (similar to Section 80C) up to Rs 3 lakh;(iii) presumptive taxation of income for turnover up to Rs 100 lakh;(iv) short-term capital loss under the present law, called as terminal allowance in the DTC, eligible for deduction while computing business income; and(v) making reference to financial year instead of the currently used terms such as previous year and assessment year.The negatives of the DTC, prima facie, include: (i) clubbing of spouse inc ome with the income of spouse, whoever has higher income;(ii) restricting the exemption in respect of accumulated balance in provident fund account up to March 31, 2011;(iii) denying carry forward of business loss to any year, if the return is filed beyond the due date both in the year of incurring loss and any subsequent year in which it is carried forward with or without set off ;(iv) denying deduction in respect of medical treatment expenses (present Section 80 DDB) to HUF;(v) reduction in time limit for passing order of rectification to two years;(vi) advancing the date for filing the return of tax base and imposing penalty for failure to file tax base return before the due date as against the present time limit of March 31 of the assessment year; and(vii) giving precedence to the DTC in the event of conflict between DTAA and DTC. Parthasarathy, Suresh, 20,June 2010, How the revised tax code impact us, BUISNESS LINE, says that without social security the proposed EET (Exempt-Exempt-Taxed) structure was harsh on individuals, the revised code has proposed to bring some relief to long-term savings investment such as PF, PPF, New Pension Scheme, approved pure life insurance, annuity schemes and GPF. These will now be subject to the Exempt-Exempt-Exempt (EEE) method of taxation rather the EET model proposed last year. . The revised DTC proposes to follow the existing method of tax deduction on home loan at least for the interest paid. In case of the house being self-occupied, the individual will be eligible for deduction of interest on capital borrowed for acquisition or construction of the house, subject to a ceiling of Rs 1.5 lakh, from the gross total income. This revised proposal is a change from the earlier stand of disallowing tax exemptions on the interest and principal paid on house property. The New Pensio n Scheme, was struggling to find patronage owing to uncertainties relating to its tax structure. In a attempt to make this scheme more attractive and to introduce some flexibility in making withdrawals in lump sum without being subject to taxation, the revised code proposes to extend the EEE method of taxation to the pension scheme administered by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority, apart from PF, GPF and recognised Provident Funds. Under the revised code, capital gains arising on account of transfer of equity shares or units of an equity oriented fund held for more than one year will be computed after allowing a deduction at a specific percentage of capital gains without any indexation. Buch, Drupadh, 30 July 2010How Revised Direct Taxes Code Will Impact Senior Citizens, EZINE ARTICLES, according to the author of the article, it states that how direct tax has impact on senior citizen there has not made any changes in the Income Tax Rates and Income Tax Slabs that were proposed in the original draft. That means there is no change in the basic exemption limit for the Senior Citizens (resident individual of 65 years or above), which is 240,000 per year. In the revised DTC, there is no change in the limit of deductions from taxable income for savings in specified investments. In the original draft, the limit has been proposed to be revised to 300,000 from the present limit of 100,000. However, it should not make much difference to the Senior Citizens, as the tax incentives for savings are basically meant for the youngsters. , the retirement benefits such as gratuity, commuted pension, voluntary retirement compensation and leave encashment will be exempt from tax subject to specified limits. Original Draft DTC had proposed a scheme of deferment of tax on retirement benefits, that is, the retirement benefits would not be taxed if it were invested in a Special Retirement Benefit Account, which would be subsequently taxed in the year of withdrawal. In the New DTC, be it in the original draft or in the revised discussion paper, there is nothing very much special for the senior citizens except the higher income tax slabs and the corresponding reduced tax rates. If the basic exemption limit of 240,000 for senior citizens were revised substantially, it would have definitely been a great boon to the Senior Citizens. Latest IRI Research Finds a New Consumer Equilibrium Emerging as Economy Continues to Transform It is no secret that the ongoing economic turmoil is dramatically affecting consumers shopping and purchase behaviors. Consumers are eating out less, reducing the number of doctor visits and foregoing vacations to stretch their limited dollars. But, which consumer groups are driving these cost-saving strategies? The latest research from Information Resources (1) The data and information assets of an organization, department or unit. See data administration. (2) Another name for the Information Systems (IS) or Information Technology (IT) department. See IT. , Inc. (IRI), Competing in a Transforming Economy 4.0: The New Equilibrium leverages post-inaugural survey results to identify key consumer segments that are leading the change and helps retailers and manufacturers connect with their most important consumers. Since the beginning of 2009, a new consumer equilibrium has emerged in which behaviors initially implemented to weather the storm have the potential to last well beyond an economic recovery. In this phase of our research, we went beyond studying the common spending, self-reliance and self-health strategies that are becoming common place in todays environment and examined how economic pressures have driven different types of consumersby income level, household composition and even varying consumer mindsetsto change their strategies. Gidwan, Sunil and Desai, Jignesh, October, 2010, New Direct Tax Code: Impact on Banking sector, THE ANALYST. According to the author, The DTC is a good step taken by the Government of India to reduce litigations and simplify the tax provisions followed for nearly five decades. The banking sector plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. In India, the financial service sector is now acknowledged as the next growth engine. It is therefore crucial that fiscal policies recognize this role and through various measures support and strengthen the sector. Despite the representation made on behalf of the financial service sector after the first draft of the Direct Tax Code (DTC), the new DTC does not seem to address some of the issues faced by the banking sector. India has a better banking system in place, as compared to the other developing countries, but there are several issues that need to be addressed in order to ensure that these issues do not remain as hurdles in t he sustained economic development of the country. . A number of stringent proposals were brought in the draft Direct Taxes Code, 2009. There were several areas of concern. Most of them, such as asset-based Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) and treaty override, were addressed by the Finance Minister through the release of a Revised Discussion paper earlier in June this year SOURCE OF DATA: The source of data that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary data is elected in form of information which has already been collected by someone. Along with this some information on direct tax, their features are collected from internet. For more information regarding research methodology , books from library have been referred. ANALYSIS OF THE TOPIC The direct tax and the consumer equilibrium has a direct relationship with each other. The direct tax code slabs affect the consumer in many ways and its not just only direct tax that has an impact on the consumer equilibrium there are many other things that effect consumer equilibrium. When the direct tax which are implemented on the individual are low, i.e., the rate of tax that a consumer has to pay is minimum, it provides him the larger window to earn more money as less money will be deducted from his earnings. Due to this the budget line of the consumer will show the deviation, it will move towards right side INDIFFERENCE CURVE EQUILIBRIUM POINT BUDGET LINE QTY OF A QTY OF B Fig a:High direct tax Figb: Low direct tax As we can see the above figure depicts if the direct tax that the individual has to pay are decreased than there will be the upwards shiftment of the budget line which will allow the consumer to buy more products by increasing his budgets. Indifference curve in the figure plays an important role , indifference curve should be tangential to the budget line because its the most optimum level at which the consumer could use his budget to get maximum satisfaction. The following conditions should be kept in mind for consumer equilibrium: Consumer spends all the income in buying two commodities ;hence point of equilibrium will lie on budget line. The point of equilibrium will always be on the highest possible indifference curve that consumer can reach. Slope of indifference curve should be equal to the slope of budget line. In other words: MUm/MUn = Pm/Pn There are also some major factors that has effect on consumer equilibrium, which are as under: Price effect Income effect Substitution effect Price Effect: Change in the price of the any of the goods he consumes will also lead to change the equilibrium point. Price effect shows the reaction of consumer to the change in the price of a commodity, other things remaining the same. It measures the change in amount (quantity) demanded of a commodity with change in its price when price of the other commodity with which it is being combined remains the same. When there is increase in the price of a commodity, obviously he consumes it less (and becomes worse off). And when the price of the commodity decreases or falls, he consumes the commodity more (and becomes better off). Remaining the consumption of a commodity in the combination same, it is clear that when the price of commodity (another in combination) increases, consumer shifts to the lower indifference curve, and when price falls, consumer goes to higher indifference curve. When the price of a commodity in X-axis increases (remaining the price of commodity on Y axis same, consumer will certainly reduce the consumption of commodity in X axis. Budget line shifts downward. After increase in the price of good in X axis, his budget line moves down wards. He gets the new equilibrium point at which it is lower. This is in case of rise in price of a commodity. Price Consumption Curve may be upward sloping, downward sloping (or backward sloping). Nature of slope of PCC shows the types of goods and their cross elasticity of two goods. Slope PCC is dependent on the nature of goods whether they are inferior, superior, luxurious or whether the combination is complements or substitutes. Income effect: When there is change in income of consumer, there is change in equilibrium point due to change in quantity demanded; when there is change in income, there is shift in budget line. Generally income and quantity demanded relationship is positive. But it depends on the nature of goods whether it is inferior or normal. If good is griffin paradox or inferior, income demand relationship is negative. A line joining equilibrium points which are set due to change in income is income consumption curve. When there is increase in income , quantity demanded of both commodities increases. PL is the original budget line or price line. When income of consumer decreases from PL to PL1, consumer consumes both the commodities less and Equilibrium E1 is set on new budget line P1L1 and in lower Indifference Curve IC1. But when there is increase in income of consumer, his budget line shifts upward to the right from the origin (P2L2). During increase in income, consumer consumes both the commodities more and equilibrium is set at point E2 on higher IC on budget line P2L2. Both commodities in X and Y axis are normal goods so ICC is sloping upward. E2 E1 P2L2 PL P1L1 PL1 Substitution Effect: Substitution effect is also one of the responsible factor to cause change in consumers equilibrium. Substitution effect is the result of consumers inherent tendency to substitute cheaper goods for the relatively expensive ones. Substitution effect means the change in the purchase of a commodity as a consequence of change in relative price alone, real income remaining the constant.When price of a good changes, the real income (or purchasing power) of the consumer is also changed. To keep real income of the consumer constant so that the effect due to change in relative price may be known, price change is compensated by simultaneous change in income. For example when the price of good X falls, real of consumer increases. To find the substitution effect (i.e change in demand of X due to change in its relative price), we reduce the money income of consumer (to cancel the increase in real income due to fall in price of X). For further study of substitution, two slightly different theories have been developed. Theory developed by Hicks and Allen is called Hicks Substitution Effect and theory developed by E.Slutsky is known as Slutsky Substitution Effect MERITS/DEMERITS OF DIRECT TAX MERITS OF DIRECT TAXES Direct taxes are the main income sources of government. These taxes are easy to calculate on income and wealth of individuals and businesses. Direct taxes finance government affairs to run smoothly. These taxes help government to start and continue public welfare operations DEMERITS OF DIRECT TAX The implementation or direct tax is a tough job as people are resistant and show wrong assessment of their income and avoid tax payment. Direct tax has the negative impact of individual income and decrease the amount of disposable income. The collection is difficult as compare to indirect tax where consumer do not feel a direct burden of tax. Cost of collection of direct tax is greater than indirect tax. Change in the rate and pattern is also difficult for direct taxes as compare to indirect taxes

Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes Essay -- Philosophy Philos

Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes In the â€Å"Mediations of First Philosophy† Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion that God does exist. Next, I will debate some of Descartes premises that make his argument an unsound one, including circular reasoning. Finally, I will see if his unsound argument has diminished and undermined his principal goals and the incorrigible foundation of knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In earlier meditations Descartes proved that he existed through the Cogito argument. Descartes must now move on to examine and explore questions about the world around him, but instead of doing this he first stop to examine the question of whether or not God exists. Descartes wants to know that he was created by an all knowing, perfect creator that is good and wants to make sure that he was not created by an evil spirit or demon. If Descartes can prove that he was created by a perfect all knowing creator then his ideas must carry some semblance of truth, because God is not a deceiver and he must of placed these ideas in Descartes. Descartes has good reasons for searching for the answer to the question of God’s existence, now he has to come up with a good sound argument to prove it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy† Descartes gives a couple of major arguments about the existences of god, he gives one argument in the third meditation and on in the fifth meditation. The argument in meditation three and the one we will focus on is known as the â€Å"Trademark Argument†. This argument comes from the fact claimed by Descartes that inside of everyone is a supreme being, which is placed there by whatever created us. From this statement Descartes can say that a mark from a God has been place inside of every one of us. This argument involves the acknowledgement of such an idea is within ourselves, this idea that God is a being who is eternal and infinite and a creator of all things. This is Descartes first premise. His second premise is the â€Å"Causal Adequacy Principle.† The p... ... like Descartes ever has any real concrete arguments for the existence or God or himself existing or any of his theories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, Descartes made an argument to prove God’s existence and seemed to be able to prove that he existed, but after a taking a closer look and revaluating his theories you see that he uses a lot of circular reasoning. It is really tough to believe any of what Descartes is saying. After reading his meditations you are left confused, mostly because you are trying to decipher what he is saying and you end up going around and around because of the circular reasoning. Even without the circular reasoning the argument just doesn’t make any sense, especially in today’s world, without any data. To be able to fathom a sound argument for the existence of God just sounds too preposterous to believe. To believe that God exists based of faith and religion is what people today and in Descartes time, as well, believed. To say that God exists because there must have been some superior creator that put this idea in my head is very far fetched. People d on’t need to be told that God exists because most people already believe and most of them know that he does.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Heroic essay Essay

â€Å"A mother’s happiness is like a beacon, lighting up the future but reflected also on the  past in the guise of fond memories.† The most important and beautiful person in everyone’s  world is our moms. They are the one who carry us for about 10 months without any sighs or  complaints. Most moms do their best to be a great role model for their children, or even others;  however, some of them can give up so easily that they leave their family scarred for life. My  mom also belongs to one of these strong, compassionate and understanding moms. She is a  inspiring hero in my life because she is supportive for other family members, and is determined  for our family to become the best mother.  My mother illustrated her protection as a best assistance through her life to family  members. Especially for me, I was first-born child for her so that she abetted me anytime and  anywhere I went. For example, when I was in the kindergarten, she left a post-it note on the back  seat of my bicycle every day. She always used to say that â€Å"No matter what bad things happen to  you, I always believe that you can handle it because you are my son. I love you.† My mom wrote  this kind of letter differently every day. It was so shameful at first that I hid it as soon as I  noticed that there is a tiny yellow paper on the seat. I did not understand why she wrote this  especially only for me. After she left our family, I started to realize that how important these  post-it notes were. Although she was not always there for me, and sometimes scolded me, she  supported, encouraged and took cafà © of me anywhere I went, and anything I did. According to  her last post-it which was 26 days before she left, â€Å"I know you have become much mature now,  but I am not really sure about your inside. Don’t you have to run diligently for the future as there  have been some delays in your life? You should know that finding out your goal is always first. I  believe you, and hope you can think and behave more independently.†Ã‚  My mother was the only person I know who did not give up anything she started or  decided, and sacrificed her life for other family members. My mom used to keep doing  something secretly as the way how my grandma did although there was an obstacle ahead. For  instance, she did not tell anyone that she became more illness because she was concerned that  anyone who knew about this would waste of his time worrying about her; she wished that she  did not want to be others’ obstacles. While my mom was staying at Korea to cure her illness, she  once said, â€Å"Do never waste your time tearing because of me. This is my life I chose, and have to  bear. Even though something worse occurs to me, you just have to ignore it and keep moving for  your future.† I could not give up for her as my mom did not give up receiving treatments for  cancer in Korean, although it caused losing her weight a lot, and made her worse, This was a  huge hindrance for my family because if my mom was not able to come to Canada again, we  would not receive our PR, and live here anymore. However, ignoring what her doctor’s saying,  she came back for us to maintain our life in Canada. We all knew that she would not live longer  than at least a year. However, her life was not that long. My mom was determined after she had  morphine in the hospice. She fell asleep so deeply that she could not move and talk. About a few  minutes before she died, my mother tried as hard as she could to open her eyes; at last, she did  not open them, but what only she could at that time was crying. Only my family recognized her  tear and perseverance which probably she desired to show us even until the end. We had to say,  although she was determined, and did not want leave us, â€Å"You can go now. We will not bother  you anymore; we have seen that you do not want to give up even now. You just have to rest in  peace. Thank you for everything you have done so far. You were determined enough to become  the best mother in the world.† After we said this, she started to give up her life as she did not  want to be an obstacle for our family.  . Can all mothers overcome this circumstance and assist others as what my mother did?  Most moms probably are able to be supportive to their family members and perseverance on  what they have to face. My mom was not only a mother to our family but she also became the  best mother as she showed us her encouragement, support to others and determination what she  wished to be done. My mother illustrated how much she could help and believe in me no matter  what happens between us; moreover, my mom did not give up what she started although any  hindrances, which seemed painful, challenging and complicated, occurred to her. Therefore, my  mom is my hero who inspired me as she was abetting and determined.

Studies in Maltese Architecture

Surveies in Maltese Architecture The Manoel Theatre jpg/640px-Manoel_theatre_%2812843882153%29.jpg" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1463861.001.jpg">The Manoel Theatre, or as normally referred to in the Maltese linguistic communication, ‘Teatru Manoel ‘ , is one of the most of import and important memorials shacking in Malta since it a really old theater amongst the other few in all of Europe. This Theatre stretches back to the eighteenth century when it was inaugurated in January of 1732 in the bosom of Valletta, which means it has survived a long period of histories and now it holds within it a heritage which is unreplaceable and alone. Dating back to the early old ages of the eighteenth century, the Grandmaster of the Order of Malta at that clip was Grandmaster Antonio Manoel de Vilhena. As a swayer, he planned and constructed assorted military and civil edifices, such as the garrison in Marsamxett known as Fort Manoel. Fortunately, at that clip, the Grandmaster started to admit theatrical public presentations by the Italian knights of the Order of St. John ( in their hostel ) , every bit good as a Maltese group that used to play comedies and musical amusement, ( in the same hostel ) some of which were rather successful. Therefore Grandmaster Antonio Manoel de Vilhena set up a foundation (Fondazione Manoel) which decided to buy two houses in Strada del Carmine, now known as ‘Triq it-Teatru l-Antik ‘ , at the cost of 2,186scudiso that a new theater could be built at this location. Francois Mondion is said to hold been one of the senior designers employed by Grandmaster Vilhena, that designed and built the new theater, but there is still doubt and uncertainness regarding who the existent designer of the theater was. On the 16th of March 1731, work started on site which was of an country of 94.5 square canes, which was a Maltese unit of measuring used at that clip and consequences to about 414 m? . Since many old ages have passed since the twenty-four hours it was built, the aesthetics, frontage and form are without any uncertainty different from what had been originally constructed in 1732. However, it can still be pointed out that there is a great chance that it might hold been influenced by two theaters in Palermo at that clip. Besides, it is clear that the original form of the auditorium was in the signifier of a U, being described ( by De Lucca and Tonna ) as somewhat retrograde for its clip, with the phase being projected by two consecutive sides. The modern-day papers Cabreo Vilhena describes the interior portion of the theater as it was formatted originally, holding a sum of 39 boxes and a cavity furnished with benches. The boxes were divided into three grades: the first grade being used by the grandmaster ‘s pages ; the 2nd grade was used by the grandmaster and his cortege ; and the 3rd grade was known as ‘the Gods ‘ where the seats are rather high and distant from the phase. A figure of appliances and machines used to do scenes even more Godhead and spectacular where found on the same degree of ‘the Gods ‘ grade. The Manoel Theatre was and still is a theater which maps like many others with some of its parts being the wings and background, every bit good as â€Å"a shop room for the lamps that illuminated the auditoriumâ€Å" . The wing is the country and portion of the phase which is used by the performing artist to fix to come in and is besides used as a storage infinite for set scenery and proficient equipment. Obviously, this portion of the theater is masked by legion long curtains for privateness. On the other manus, the background was the background to any scene of a phase set. Manoel Theatre besides had: the chief entryway ; the phase ; a little room for invitees (saletta) ; a corridor in the signifier of a U-shape ; and a basement found below the phase. As can be seen by the exposure of the original frontage of the theater below, two olympian pillars flanked the front door and supported the balcony above it. The whole Manoel Theatre was surprisingly finished and completed after a sp eedy 10 months. At the early times of Manoel Theatre ‘s startup, the Baroque manner was booming and at its highest point in Europe. Architecture was non the lone of import factor during churrigueresque clip but other factors should be considered. Performing humanistic disciplines such as opera itself were going really of import during this clip and could be categorized into two parts:‘opera seria ‘and‘operabuffa ‘. This means that great public presentations and composings were expected to come with this new theater, besides with the reaching of celebrated composers. The 19th of January 1732 marked an of import day of the month for the Manoel Theatre since the first public presentation was held on this day. ‘Merope ‘( as it was called ) depicted calamities of that century and was acted by the Italian knights of the Order themselves as a mark of regard and baronial work chosen for the startup of the theater. Following this public presentation, were two comedies traveling by the name of ‘Il Giocatore Disperato ‘and ‘Don Pilone ‘. Besides, other public presentations were held during this clip, largely comedies, but unluckily their names are unknown so non much information is available about them. It is of import to observe that from such early times the theater started to be used for other activities such as a locale for carnival balls. During the regulation of Vilhena, there are no more histories of theatrical composings and public presentations but we do hold the memoirs of Carlo Goldoni which do give us an thou ght of how it felt like to be in the Manoel Theatre. Sequence to Vilhena ‘s regulation was Despuig who ne'er attended the theater for his ain grounds, but after him there was the powerful Grandmaster Manoel de Pinto Fonseca who was so in love with theater and public presentation humanistic disciplines that three yearss after he was elected he attended an opera at the theater. It is cardinal to retrieve that during the eighteenth century Manoel Theatre was one of the really few topographic points where the knights and certain types of people could be entertained. Priests were besides acute on keeping their ain public presentations and dramas, even though at these times they merely accepted work forces to go to their dramas. Grandmaster Pinto de Fonseca went to the theater for the last clip at the age of 92 demoing the great love and regard he had for this type of art. Giovanni Artuffo presented and introduced legion operas by three different composers in the early 1750s. All of their plants were admired by the knights and the Maltese people ( less sophisticated but still enthusiastic about the opera itself ) . Just one or really few non-operatic plants were performed during this period. It is besides noteworthy that the old ages 1768-70 a adult female was given the impresa which happens really seldom, in fact she was the lone adult female to be given such power during that century. Besides, a few old ages subsequently Natale Marini made a program and theoretical account of the theater ‘s interior and phase since the theater was under uninterrupted wear but there is no record demoing renewing work. This century marks the debut of a immature endowment Nicolo Isuoard who was set to go one of Paris ‘ most popular composers of amusing opera subsequently on. In 1796 the Gallic arrived and took over Malta, and Napoleon expelled the Order of St. John from Malta in 1798, so the theater had been leased to four individuals. The invasion of the French caused some immediate jobs since the Italian vocalists and instrumentalists organizing portion of the opera of Manoel Theatre were obliged to remain in Malta, so they wanted an addition in their pay. The monetary values and rewards which were making the jobs were shortly fixed and taken attention of. In September 1798, Nicolo Isouard was appointed commissioner for theatre whilst Pietro Paolo Muscat became the exclusive showman as he bought all the portions. During this period, Manoel Theatre was confronting a batch of jobs and was at a clip of crisis, with the attending at the theater most likely worsening since the vocalists were non being changed and the fort started to lose involvement. With all these debatable state of affairss, Isouard was kept busy most of the clip seeking to happen a solut ion to better the state of affairs. In 1799 the theater got involuntarily involved in a atrocious episode in Maltese history when the Maltese were be aftering to assail and scupper the Gallic within the walls of Valletta itself. Manoel Theatre got involved in the narrative because Vaubois ordered Isouard to set on a show on a Friday ( a twenty-four hours when no operas or comedies were of all time performed ) to move as a distraction for the Gallic. However, the program was discovered and several plotters were executed in the square in forepart of the Magisterial Palace. By the early 1800s, the Italian company had had plenty and did non desire to execute any longer, and so the theater was forced to shut with the going of the Italians from Valletta. Manoel Theatre was so reopened and a important event occurred when it was decided that a Maltese play group was to execute on a regular basis inside the theater. This was rather a important measure in Maltese history. In 1800, the Gallic were driven to a point where they cou ld non shack in Malta any longer, ( with the aid of the British ) so they decided to go forth, taking with them Nicolo Isuardo who was regarded as a treasonist and ne'er to return to Malta. After helping to throw out the Gallic, the British found themselves crowned head of the Maltese Islands. Unfortunately, during the going of the Gallic and the early 1801, no public presentations seem to hold taken topographic point inside Theatre Manoel but at least it was surely used for the organisation of balls since Aeneas Anderson tells us that he attended a public ball at the Opera House during this period. Italian opera is reintroduced one time once more and the public presentations are described as great amusement with merely a few little jobs. Besides the fact that non everyone could come in the theater or take his topographic point was acquiring on some people ‘s nervousnesss. In 1812, George Whitmore of the Royal Engineers was â€Å" to reconstruct the edifice exhaustively, to increase the figure of boxes†¦ and to adorn the full edifice in a modern, simple and elegant manner † . Oakes and Whitmore had a big influence on the aesthetics of the theater as it is nowadays since they did hole and alteration rather a batch of parts. In fact, the tallness of the edifice was raised higher with a new roof being built, the floor of the cavity was re-laid, the brackets were removed and the boxes were opened up for better visibleness, and a 4th grade was added. Besides, the dressing suites for performing artists was increased and the phase enlarged. This resulted in the auditorium holding an egg-shaped form, which is still present with that same form presents. The British made sure to re-introduce theprotettore, which was occupied by a citizen of high standing, and the besides reintroduced the system of naming an showman, with the first showmans being three. Showmans had rather a hazardous concern with the hazard of hardly doing any money since they had provide amusement and public presentations all the clip throughout the whole twelvemonth. These apart from holding to pay the rent, had to engage vocalists and terpsichoreans to come to Malta which could take to economical battles. In fact, during 1817-18 the fundss for Manoel Theatre were so bad that both the rent and the admittance monetary values were reduced. The immature British officers, as were the knights, needed to utilize the free clip they had, so for some of them theatre was their interest. We do hold histories of information about legion dramas in English which were held at the Manuel Theatre such as the celebrated workThe Clandestine Marriageby Colman and Garrick. The nineteenth century besides marks another of import milepost in native Maltese play because dramas started to be performed in Maltese linguistic communication as described by the British officer Anderson. The first full length drama was called ‘Caterina, ix-Xbejba tal-Irdum ‘ . Opera, on the other manus, was deemed as more of import during the British regulation, it was the reigning genre. The figure of new operas to be performed per twelvemonth settled at four and bothopera seriaandopera buffaperformed in the early decennaries. A figure of vocalists were so loved and respected a batch by the audience as were Camilla Darbois and Lorenzo Del Riccio amongs t some others, to the point that they ended up settling in Malta ( as they were foreign ) . One should besides retrieve that during their reign, Manoel theater was used for a figure of great occasions as was done for the return of Governor Sir Thomas Maitland. Subsequently along the nineteenth century, Manoel Theatre had become such a load on the authorities because of showmans and the fact that the theater was now an aged edifice with excessively many fixs to be done, it was agreed that a new opera house ( The Royal Opera house ) was to be built. This led to the Manoel Theatre falling into private custodies when Anacleto Conti decided to purchase Mifsud ‘s half portion and go the exclusive proprietor. By 1866 the Royal Opera House was ready to be used and Manoel Theatre ready to be abandoned for good. Manoel Theatre was besides stripped from its rubric ( Theatre Royal ) and named after the Grandmaster Antonio Manoel de Vilhena. Between 1866 and 1873, Manoel Theatre had its ruin, it was hardly used and when used merely for dramas by Maltese amateurs. Since it was hardly used, no care, fixs or renovating were done and it continued to deteriorate. In 1873, a calamity occurred in Valletta when the Royal Opera House was unluckily destroyed and beyond fix. At least from this calamity, Malta regained back a forgotten treasure, that is the Manoel Theatre. Since operas and dramas urgently needed a moderately good topographic point to be performed, what better pick was at that place than the Manoel Theatre? Conti ( the proprietor of the theater ) could non believe his fortune when his theater started to be used and after some clip besides repaired. What really did salvage the theater from traveling downhill for good was the new genre of theater, called ‘operetta ‘ . Since Manoel Theatre had long been unused as a proper theater, its proprietors had to do a figure of efforts at re-establishing it as an opera house. Fortunately, they managed to set up the theater for a figure of seasons and the plants started to increase, accordingly taking to a successful and positive season. In 1882, Arpa decided to buy the Manoel Theatre from Conti and after some clip realized that something had to be done to vie with the Rjal, so many fixs and redecorations were undertaken. On a positive note, Manoel Theatre had some really successful seasons at the terminal of the 1880s, one of the most of import dramas being‘Birichino Al Teatro‘ . After some old ages, Arpa could non pay back the financess he borrowed from G. Gollcher, and so Gollcher decided to take legal actions and purchase the theater himself. The Gollchers did do some few changes and redecorations for the better since they managed the theater themselves for several more old ages. The MADC, which is a popular play group that formed in 1910 with the amalgamation of two groups of play, used to execute a batch in Manoel Theatre and inspired many other groups. In the twentieth century,‘Romanticismo ‘was repeated a figure of times in the theater and after some clip Manoel Theatre besides became a film but unrecorded theater was non banished. The Second World War did somewhat decelerate down Manoel Theatre, but surprisingly composings were still being shown and people were still go toing the theater to be entertained. The Maltese Government, at that clip Malta Labour Party, decided to purchase back Manoel Theatre so as to continue it and its historical heritage. When the theater was acquired, Vera Lindsay and Richard Southmen were commissioned to give recommendations on the resurgence of the Manoel Theatre. Numerous sum of alterations and changes had to be done so refurbishment started instantly. In 1960 the first Manoel Theatre direction commission was set up and they had to do certain that the gap would be a genuinely great one. Fortunately, the gap was a successful event. Presents, Manoel Theatre has continued to populate up to its outlooks and better since it continues to expose many theatrical productions and public presentations both in the Maltese and English linguistic communication, with opera being basically of import, play, dancing, musical shows, and the one-year MADC Christmas dumb show. The Manoel Theatre has been home to countless famous persons and astonishing endowments such as Joseph Callejla, Boris Christoff, Louis Kenter, John Neville and many others. The theatre direction commission president right now is Michael Grech and the deputy president Kenneth Zammit. The theater besides has a museum ( which shows the history of the topographic point ) , and a gift store. It is astonishing to see that this theater managed to survived through all these old ages, all this history shacking within merely one edifice. It has such great intrinsic value, non merely to us but besides to the whole of Europe, that it should be taken attention of and pr eserved for the longest clip possible.